Analysis the external business environment Essay

Analysis the external business environment - Essay Example One of the bases that the airline is considering in Asia to avoid the high costs and the geographic isolation that Australia faces is China (The China Post, 2011). Before making the move, it would be necessary to evaluate the external environmental factors that could affect the organization’s decision. Markets, competition and airline regulation in China would be equally important to be considered. 2. External factors affecting the organization External factors are those that are external to the organization and over which the organization has no control but still is influenced by it. In this analysis only two such factors would be considered – the macroeconomic environment and the markets, competition, and regulation in the airline industry in China. A country’s institutional environment affects the boundary choice for an organization because this reflects the extent to which a firm can participate in the business environment. According to Brouthers and Hennart (2007) five types of risks influence the decision - product, government policy, macroeconomic, materials, and competition. 2.1 The macroeconomic environment Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole and the factors that it encompasses include the economic output, unemployment, inflation, savings and investments (Investopedia, 2011). These are the key indicators of economic performance and are closely monitored by the governments, business and consumers. 2.1.1 Economic output The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. According to a government report its annual output should be US$ 3,000 per person by 2010 which is 3 – ? times of the level that it was ten years ago (China Digital Times, 2008). By 2010 China has surpassed Japan on the list of world’s largest economies and stood at the second position behind only the United States (Politics Daily, 2010). The PRC has low vulnerability to external shocks and this has helped it to maintain macroeconomic stability. The PRC has a large internal market, large foreign exchange reserves, low dependence on high technology and has high consumer and investor confidence (ADB, 2005). Macroeconomic stability is essential to attract private investment and create pro-poor markets. Economic growth in China has been consistent under different leaderships. Inflation and unemployment are low when the Communist Party is in power (Feng, 2010). The Party embraces economic performance as its top priority. According to International Monetary Fund (IMF) Beijing will take just five years to become the world’s largest economy (China Economic Net, 2011). The PRC attracts the highest FDI in the region and has been the second largest recipient of the FDI in the world (ADB, 2005). However, there are concerns that the government controlled market system in China prohibits the development of the Chinese economy (Sheng, 2011). Because of its liberalization reforms a nd investment in infrastructure China has been able to attract considerable FDI. China is now implementing a socialist market economy where the government carries out marketization management of the economy. 2.1.2 Unemployment The International Labor Organization (ILO) defines unemployed workers as those who are currently not working but are willing to work (IndexMundi, 2011). The unemployment rate stands at 4.1 percent in China which is a matter of concern. However, this data is only for the urban areas and if the migrants are included the figure could go up to 9 percent. Besides substantial unemployment and under employment exists in the rural areas as well. Moreover, higher

Misogyny in Theogony Essay Example for Free

Misogyny in Theogony Essay In Theogony, Hesiod expresses misogynistic notions and shows the triviality of the creation of women. Hesiod portrays the insignificant role for women. He uses marriage as a light-hearted yet serious judgment and stereotypes against all women. Hesiod explains the most misogynistic attitudes in the story of Pandora. He works misogyny into female monsters and goddesses that use their tricks on men. Hesiod displays the dominance of the male sex in his poem, Theogony. Hesiod touches on his feelings toward the idea of marriage. Referring to Theogony, he states that the man who avoids marriage arrives at an old age with no one to look after him and distant relatives share out his living. The man who finds a good wife spends a life, that is balanced between evil and good, / A constant struggle.(393-394) While the man who gets an awful wife lives with, He lives with pain in the heart all down the line, / Pain in spirit and mind, incurable evil.(395-396) Hesiod’s idea of marriage is more of a teaching process with the man as dominant and the woman is to be controlled. The very creation of women was a punishment to mankind. Out of Zeus anger toward Prometheus, came Pandora, the first woman. Hesiod explains the thoughts of immortal gods and mortal men as they first glanced at the beautiful creation as â€Å"sheer deception, irresistible to men. / From her is the race of female women, / The deadly race and population of women, / A great infestation among mortal men.† (373-376) The only reason women live in this world is because of the sins of one male figure. Women have no other purpose in Hesiod’s words than to be the bad that upsets the good in the world. In Theogony, Hesiod mentions the monster Echidna stern of heart, who was half nymph with fair cheeks and curling lashes, and half a monstrous serpent, terrible and huge, glinting and ravening, down in the hidden depths of the numinous earth. This monster that Hesiod describes seems to parallel with his image of women: beautiful but deceiving. Theogony also describes Aphrodite as a modest and beautiful goddess. Although she is the goddess of intimacy, tenderness, and pleasure, she is also the goddess of deceptions. Aphrodite claims she is the most powerful because she can influence all other gods. Hesiod wrote this poem with a lot of misogynistic thoughts in mind. The idea of marriage is irrelevant except for the matter of reproduction of strong and courageous men in Theogony. The creation of women was originally a punishment to Prometheus but Hesiod shows that this is a punishment to all mankind. Women are also often compared to monsters and evil creatures. Hesiod states throughout his poem that women are often insignificant and trivial to the lives of men.

Use of Brucellosis in Bioterrorism Essay -- Biological Terrorism Terro

Bioterrorism Brucellosis is a very threatening biological weapon in the sense that it does not cause fatality, but incapacitates its victims. Not only this, but it is hard to diagnose since the symptoms it induces are extremely nonspecific. Bioterrorism has existed for countless years, and there is no doubt that it will be used in the future. The only thing we have to worry about now is how it will be put to use. Despite going through the trouble of setting up pacts to prevent the use of biological weapons, its presence continues to cause problems on a worldwide scale. It is often said that what we fear the most is in fact fear itself. Happiness cannot negate it, but simply aids in distracting the mind from it; ignorance, on the other hand, harbors fear and provides it a space to grow and envelop the mind. This feeling of terror and insecurity arises from any situation that is presented to us in which we have no control over and is not within the boundaries of our own comfort zones. This flaw in man’s mental state has set in stone a gateway that has led to man’s greatest achievement. It is indeed a terrifying accomplishment, but none would be wise to deny its genius. The theory of this horrifying weapon has been used for thousands of years, and the world may someday fall at its feet. It would be a fallacy to say that it will not be used for years and years to come. Everything aforementioned can be summed up in one word: bioterrorism. Although a plethora of biological agents exist, one in particular acts as one of the most imp ortant destructors regarding animal disease—Brucellosis (Grey). Whenever the word â€Å"bioterrorism† is mentioned, one of the first agents people naturally think of is Bacillus anthracis, the ... ... It is quite a shame that the executive powers in the world feel the need to have such dangerous chemicals and substances to make them feel safe. There is much at stake with countries harboring deadly weapons, and the future seems bleak for generations to come. Works Cited Alton, G. G. and J.R.L. Forsyth. â€Å"Brucella.† Date unknown. 20 July 2007. . Anderson, Burt. Microorganisms and Bioterrorism. New York: Springer, 2006. â€Å"Bacterial Weapon Acting on Humans and Livestock.† Date unknown. 23 July 2007. . â€Å"Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases: Brucellosis.† 6 Oct. 2005. 20 July 2007. . Grey, Michael and Kenneth Spaeth. The Bioterrorism Sourcebook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. Use of Brucellosis in Bioterrorism Essay -- Biological Terrorism Terro Bioterrorism Brucellosis is a very threatening biological weapon in the sense that it does not cause fatality, but incapacitates its victims. Not only this, but it is hard to diagnose since the symptoms it induces are extremely nonspecific. Bioterrorism has existed for countless years, and there is no doubt that it will be used in the future. The only thing we have to worry about now is how it will be put to use. Despite going through the trouble of setting up pacts to prevent the use of biological weapons, its presence continues to cause problems on a worldwide scale. It is often said that what we fear the most is in fact fear itself. Happiness cannot negate it, but simply aids in distracting the mind from it; ignorance, on the other hand, harbors fear and provides it a space to grow and envelop the mind. This feeling of terror and insecurity arises from any situation that is presented to us in which we have no control over and is not within the boundaries of our own comfort zones. This flaw in man’s mental state has set in stone a gateway that has led to man’s greatest achievement. It is indeed a terrifying accomplishment, but none would be wise to deny its genius. The theory of this horrifying weapon has been used for thousands of years, and the world may someday fall at its feet. It would be a fallacy to say that it will not be used for years and years to come. Everything aforementioned can be summed up in one word: bioterrorism. Although a plethora of biological agents exist, one in particular acts as one of the most imp ortant destructors regarding animal disease—Brucellosis (Grey). Whenever the word â€Å"bioterrorism† is mentioned, one of the first agents people naturally think of is Bacillus anthracis, the ... ... It is quite a shame that the executive powers in the world feel the need to have such dangerous chemicals and substances to make them feel safe. There is much at stake with countries harboring deadly weapons, and the future seems bleak for generations to come. Works Cited Alton, G. G. and J.R.L. Forsyth. â€Å"Brucella.† Date unknown. 20 July 2007. . Anderson, Burt. Microorganisms and Bioterrorism. New York: Springer, 2006. â€Å"Bacterial Weapon Acting on Humans and Livestock.† Date unknown. 23 July 2007. . â€Å"Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases: Brucellosis.† 6 Oct. 2005. 20 July 2007. . Grey, Michael and Kenneth Spaeth. The Bioterrorism Sourcebook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006.

GraduateWriters.net Mission to Help Students Achieve Academic Excellence Essay

PHOENIX, AZ, JUNE 24, 2014 /PRESSRELEASEPING/ – ACADEMIC WRITING IS AN IMPORTANT ACTIVITY done by every student, at all level of education in order to satisfy course work requirement. â€Å"Students are required to undertake a variety of academic writing task that could range from short essays, assignments, SAT, IELTS or lengthy term papers, dissertations and thesis. This type of writing could be done either under time demanding pressure or syllabus requirement. As a result students are expected to output a number of papers at the end of each day, week, semester or term. But such time demanding output doesn’t always guarantee quality of resultant paper†, says Peter Wartson consultant at GraduateWriters. net. In fact a research by National Academic Council for Academic Excellence found that many students resort to borrowing or stealing the work of others in order to beat deadlines and as result the rate of plagiarism has become so common place, that if every student who plagiarized was to be flunked, the rate of dropout will be worse than that massive open online learning courses (MOOC). â€Å"With this in mind many students sort the services of freelance  academic writers, who are seen as the first level examiners. They guide students on how to structure their research papers, perform proof reading and help students to avoiding mistakes related to grammar, spelling, phrasing and plagiarism. † states Peter, â€Å"Freelance academic writers, should not be confused with people who helps students achieve shortcut by doing their assignments, no they are honest writers who guide students the way a teacher will do†. While this may help students reduce stress related to academic demand, some concerns has  been raised concerning the qualification of writers who handle students’ academic work. Mary White an academic consultant at GraduateWriters. net, stated that â€Å"Students should look at the pool of writers a freelance company has, example GraduateWriter. net, is comprised of only graduate writers who have various qualification in their field of interest that range from MSc, MBA, MRes, EM, LLM, MEng, MA, Phd, and DS. At that company, writers undergo series of test approved by our senior writers to ascertain academic prowess and professional skills in writing and research. The advantage of this pool of workforce is that clients are always guaranteed the best quality writing and editing service, which cannot be found elsewhere on the Internet. Writers are specialist, with background in Education, Medicine, Nursing, Finance, Communication, Media, Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences, Engineering, IT, Law etc. † Other qualities that prospective student should look at before selecting an academic writing company include privacy and security, originality, timeliness, quality, revision policy, orders tracking, support and response to queries. A lot of emphasis should be placed on privacy as it is not only a right but a demand that every users online should be guaranteed of. â€Å"If an online company published a student paper online, without their formal approval, it could lead to plagiarism and dismissal from school. Therefore students should look for companies that adhere with privacy policies and not let third party have access to their client papers. † articulates Peter. ABOUT GRADUATEWRITERS. NET Graduate Writers is an academic editing and writing company that help student in carrying out  research work, gives advice on writing, referencing and proof reading. The company is composed of Graduate writers with specialties in field which can be advantageous to students. PO Box 89670 Phoenix, AZ Peter Wartson Graduate Writers LLC +1-480-409-1822 support@graduatewriters. net http://graduatewriters. net Source URL: http://pressreleaseping. com/graduatewritersnet-mission-help-students-achieve-academic- excellence.

Mass society system

The problem is the fact that society tends o associate culture with concepts, such as fine arts, literature, classical music, philosophy, etc. All these are manifestations which belong to a subdivision of culture known as high culture. Nevertheless, what about other signs of culture, such as television, movies or magazines? Are they not cultural signs? To my mind, evidently they are. In fact, high and popular culture are closely related, due to the fact that nowadays, most of the manifestations of popular culture are originated In signs of high culture. Certainly, the UK Is not an exception. For that reason. Wrought these nines I would like to prove my point by two examples (one from literature and the other from music) and finally, I will give you a contrastive perspective with examples of the same fields of study. The first example is related to literature. From time immemorial, this field of knowledge has been related to erudite people, simply because at very ancient times In hist ory, literature could be known and studied by literate ones. Clearly, they were not too many; In fact, they were a sort of elite. Just wealthy people had access to formal education and knew how to read and write properly.However, time went by and being an educated person became more affordable. In most of the constitutions worldwide, being educated is compulsory; it is a right for everyone. For that reason, in relation to this area, that is to say literature, little by little people started to know the classics such as Homer, Plato, Tolstoy, Verne, among others. In these terms, with Shakespeare. Among their master pieces we can find â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, â€Å"A Midsummer Night's dream†, â€Å"Hamlet†, â€Å"Macbeth†, and â€Å"King Lear†. Most of them are recognized all over the world for thousands. But, are Shakespearean works presented n low cultural manifestations?Indeed, there are multiple references of Shakespeare in popular culture. For I nstance, there are several movies based on his works like: â€Å"Gnome and Juliet†, â€Å"Shakespeare In love† or â€Å"Warm bodies†; which Is Inspired In the â€Å"Buff The Vampire Slayer†; a popular television program in the nineties. Moreover, we can recognize the Shakespearean influence in Disney movies like â€Å"The Beauty and the Beast†, in which Belle reads to the Beast a quotation from â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† or in the movie â€Å"The Nightmare Before Christmas†, in which the main character Jack makes clear reference to the scene of the skull in â€Å"Hamlet†.Finally, we have the â€Å"Lion King†, which is entirely based on Hamlet's story since: Scar kills his brother (as Claudia kills his brother, the King); then Mafia's ghost visits Samba (as the King's ghost visits Hamlet) and at the end of the movie Samba is encouraged by Timing and Puma to take revenge for his father's death (exactly as Restaurants and Guil elessness did in Hamlet). The second case is located in the field of music. This is the case of â€Å"Queen†, in particular, the case of its vocalist, the great Freddy Mercury.Perhaps, now you are wondering, how this rock and roll musician can be influenced by high culture music? At the very beginning, when he was a child, he was formally trained on piano; in which he was quite skilful. In addition, some people who were closed to him, said that he used listening classical music; like Chopin and Mozart, moreover, he was even pretty interested in opera; having a large collection of opera recordings. Other example of it was a comment of one his friends named Chris Smith, who said that Freddy piano style was very Mozart.In fact, in my point of view, this influence is Leary noticeable in songs of his band like â€Å"Bohemian Rhapsody'; in which there is an exquisite mixture of rock music, touches of classical piano and the magnificent contributions of the lyrical choir; or in the song â€Å"Love of my life†, in which we can listen features of classical music as the arpeggios, which are not very common in rock and roll style. The last two examples are valid according to its own perspective. Nevertheless, there is a different point of view, which is related to a social system known as â€Å"Mass society'.People, who have studied this system, have established that high culture has en replaced by low culture. This cultural replacement has been helped, enormously, by mass media or the widespread of popular education. These ones have caused a progressive deterioration in population's tastes, that is to say, that year after year people's tastes are more unsophisticated and that is the reason why they replace high cultural elements for those which are part of the popular tradition. For instance, a quite clear example of this situation is the amount of people who listen to classical music.In fact, a survey of ‘The Reader's Digest' says things like a th irty three recent of people have never listened to classical music, or that a thirty nine percent of the survey respondents, assure that they do not like listening to this type of music. Other good evidence of it could be the preference for some books, especially, ‘Best sellers'. The best example is â€Å"Harry Potter†. This saga is one of the most successful in the I-J and in the whole world; adolescents were avid to read every single word.However, would have they the same desire to read the classics of literature by themselves? According to this, we could confirm that popular culture is not reflected n high cultural manifestations, there is not a kind of legacy or continuity from one to the other, there is Just a substitution process; sadly, high culture has been left aside. As a conclusion, through the development of the present document and taking undeniable that elements related to the field of high arts such as: literature, classical music, visual arts, etc. Re ma nifested in expressions of popular culture like: movies, television programs, newspapers, magazines, among others. Even though, it is important to take under consideration, that there is not Just one perspective in relation to this matter. In addition, we have the point of view according to the phenomenon of â€Å"Mass society system†, which indicates that, progressively, low culture is replacing high cultural manifestations; reducing population's taste.

Free Essays on Canadian Advertising

and the French translation subtitled on the sign. In Montrà ©al, it’s generally the opposite; signs are in French with the English translation. This is generally harder for marketers in Canada because they not only have to advertise in English, but also in French. And also they have to research and are able to come up with an advertisement that will target the French as well. In the US, marketers generally only market to English speaking Americans. Canadians also are very preservative p... Free Essays on Canadian Advertising Free Essays on Canadian Advertising Canadian Advertising Differences Canada is a very preservative country. They are very serious with a lot of the things they do. Also Canada has a very strong economy. Currently Canada’s GDP per Capita is around 30,000 Canadian Dollars which falls in second right under the United States. About 40% of the Canadian population is of British descent, while 27% are of French origin. Another 20% are of other European background, about 10% are of E or SE Asian origin, and some 3% are of aboriginal or Mà ©tis (mixed aboriginal and European) background. In the late 1990s, Canada had the highest immigration rate of any country in the world, with more than half the total coming from Asia. Over 75% of the total population lives in cities. Canada has complete religious liberty, though its growing multiculturalism has at times caused tensions among ethnic and religious groups. About 45% of the people are Roman Catholics, while some 40% are Protestant. English and French are the official languages, and federal document s are published in both languages. In 1991, about 61% of Canadians cited English as their mother tongue, while 24% cited French. No when it comes to advertising Canada has it a lot harder than the US. Although Canada’s majority language is English, there is a high French speaking population, especially in Quebec. The majority of the population in Quebec is French. Business and other signs and billboards usually have the English words and the French translation subtitled on the sign. In Montrà ©al, it’s generally the opposite; signs are in French with the English translation. This is generally harder for marketers in Canada because they not only have to advertise in English, but also in French. And also they have to research and are able to come up with an advertisement that will target the French as well. In the US, marketers generally only market to English speaking Americans. Canadians also are very preservative p...

Catch 22 essays

Catch 22 essays Soldiers serving during World War II faced hard times while fighting for their country. They were separated from their families and the traditional lives that they knew, and were suddenly thrown into a life of hardships and absurdities. As a result, they became alienated from the rest of the world and began to look at their lives in a pessimistic view. Heller portrays this separation from the traditional views through characters like Yossarian, Major Major, and the Chaplain throughout Catch 22. These characters play a major part in the story line as well as the themes presented in the novel such as absurdity of the war. Absurdity is used throughout the book and can be viewed as the illogical and pointless actions of the troops in combat and the officers controlling them. The absurdities that the characters had to face changed their views from positive to depressing feelings and alienated them from everyone else who was oblivious to the war. Specifically, Heller uses the alienation of Yossarian, Major Major, and the Chaplain to bring forth the issues of absurdity and hopelessness in World War II. Heller uses the actions and thoughts of Yossarian to convey his existentialistic message of war and the uselessness of the men fighting war. The only thing going on was a war, and no one seemed to notice but Yossarian ... and when Yossarian tried to remind people, they drew away from him and thought he was crazy (25). Yossarian is alienated from the rest of the soldiers because he actually recognizes that there is a war going on and he fears for his life. None of the other soldiers seem to care about their lives or what could happen to them by flying the missions. They just assume Yossarian is crazy for having such thoughts. One situation that Yossarian takes a stand on is when his superior Colonel Cathcart, repeatedly raises the number of missions that are required to go home. All the other pilots do not seem to mind having to ...

GED Study Guide for Chemistry

GED Study Guide for Chemistry The GED, or General Education Development Test, is taken in the U.S. or Canada to demonstrate proficiency in high school-level academic skills. The exam most commonly is taken by people who did not complete high school or receive a high school diploma. Passing the GED grants a General Equivalency Diploma (also called a GED). One section of the GED covers science, including chemistry. The test is multiple choice, drawing on concepts from the following areas: The Structure of MatterThe Chemistry of LifeProperties of MatterChemical Reactions The Structure of Matter All substances consist of  matter.  Matter  is anything which has mass and takes up space. Some important concepts to remember about  matter  are: Matter  is made up of one or more of over 92 naturally-occurring  elements.Each  element  is a pure substance, made up of only one type of  atom.An  atom  consists of three types of particles:  protons,  neutrons, and  electrons. An atom does not need to have all three particles, but will always contain at least protons.Electrons  are  negatively charged  particles,  protons  have a positive charge, and  neutrons  do not have an electrical charge.An atom has an inner core called a  nucleus, which is where the protons and neutrons are located. The electrons orbit around the outside of the nucleus.Two main forces hold atoms together. The  electric force  holds the electrons in orbit around the nucleus. Opposite charges attract, so the electrons are drawn to the protons in the nucleus. The  nuclear force  holds the protons and neutrons together within the nucleus. The Periodic Table The  periodic table  is a chart which organizes the chemical elements. The elements are categorized according to the following attributes: Atomic Number  - number of protons in the nucleusAtomic Mass  - sum of the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleusGroup  - columns or multiple columns in the periodic table. Elements in a group share similar chemical and physical properties.Period  - rows from left to right in the period table. Elements in a period have the same number of energy shells. Matter can exist in the form of a pure element, but combinations of elements are more common. Molecule  - a molecule is a combination of two or more atoms (could be  from  the same or different elements, such as H2  or H2O)Compound  - a compound is a combination of two or more  chemically-bonded  elements. Generally, compounds are considered to be a subclass of molecules (some people will argue they are determined by the types of chemical bonds). A  chemical formula  is a shorthand way of showing the elements contained in a molecule/compound and their ratio. For example, H2O, the chemical formula for water, shows that two atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen to form a molecule of water. Chemical bonds hold atoms together. Ionic Bond  - formed when  an electron transfers  from one atom to anotherCovalent Bond  - formed when two atoms share one or more electrons The Chemistry of Life Life on earth depends on the chemical element  carbon, which is present in every living thing. Carbon is so important, it forms the basis for two branches of chemistry, organic  chemistry  and biochemistry. The GED will expect you to be familiar with the following terms: Hydrocarbons  - molecules that only contain the elements carbon and hydrogen (e.g., CH4  is a hydrocarbon while CO2  is not)Organic  - refers to the chemistry of living things, all of which contain the element carbonOrganic Chemistry  - study of the chemistry of carbon compounds involved in life (so, studying diamond, which is a crystalline form of carbon, isnt included in organic chemistry, but studying how methane is produced is covered by organic chemistry)Organic Molecules  - molecules that have carbon atoms linked together in a straight line (carbon chain) or in a circular ring (carbon ring)Polymer  - hydrocarbons which have chained together Properties of Matter Phases of Matter Each phase of matter has its own chemical and physical properties. The phases of matter you need to know are: Solid  - a solid has a definite shape and volumeLiquid  - a liquid has a definite  volume  but can change shapeGas  - the shape and volume of a gas can change Phase Changes These phases of matter can change from one to another. Remember the definitions of the following phase changes: Melting  - melting occurs when a substance changes from a solid to a liquidBoiling  - boiling is when a substance changes from a liquid to a gasCondensing  - condensation is when  a gas changes  to a liquidFreezing  - freezing is when  a liquid changes  to a solid Physical Chemical Changes The changes that take place in substances may be categorized  in  two classes: Physical Change  - does not produce a new substance (e.g., phase changes, crushing a can)Chemical Change  - produces a new substance (e.g., burning, rusting, photosynthesis) Solutions A solution results from combining two or more substances. Making a solution can produce either a physical or chemical change. You can tell them apart this way: The original substances can be separated from one another if the solution produces only a physical change.The original substances cannot be separated from one another if a chemical change took place. Chemical Reactions A  chemical reaction  is  the process  that occurs when two or more substances combine to produce a chemical change. The important terms to remember are: chemical equation  -  name  was given  to the shorthand used to describe the steps of a chemical reactionreactants  - the starting materials for a chemical reaction; the substances that combine in the reactionproducts  - the substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reactionchemical reaction rate  - the speed at which a chemical reaction occursactivation energy  - the external energy that has to be added in order for a chemical reaction to  occurcatalyst  - a substance that helps a chemical reaction to occur (lowers the activation energy), but does not participate in the reaction itselfLaw of Conservation of Mass  - this Law states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The number of reactant atoms of a chemical reaction will be the same as the number of product atoms.

An investigation of the relationship between CSR strategies and public Essay

An investigation of the relationship between CSR strategies and public affairs in Hungary - Essay Example International guidelines, corporate best practices and a large volume of professional literature have together created the system which today is referred to as CSR. The relationship between CSR and public affairs (PA) has not been sufficiently studied (Nelson, 2008). This seems to be attributed to the fact that the world is coping with a number of complex global and local problems like poverty, population increase, the lack of drinking water, etc. and overcoming these problem poses an increasing challenge for nation states. The sustainability of the economic, social and natural environment is indispensable for the long-term, value creating operation of businesses (Nelson, 2008). As a result of these phenomena and processes, the interests and responsibilities of the state meet the interests related to the sustainable operation of businesses. According to Kargaci-Kovats (2012), CSR is still considered a novelty in Hungary. While, CSR was already a known concept in the country, its popularity gained momentum following the Hungarian Business Leaders Forum in 1990 when the forum made CSR one of their topics or agenda for discussion (Lakatos, 2013). The value of public affairs in CSR relates to the decree passed in 2006 in Hungary with the Promotion of Employers’ Social Responsibility alongside the creation of the National Council of Sustainable Development as supported by the Parliament, its delegates and business as well as science, civic, abd religious representatives. Through the council, various functions were considered. The first function refers to its role in informing the Government about sustainability risks in different proposed legislation and second, the council also takes part in supposting the national sustainability strategies (Lakatos, 2013). Even with political support and sufficient business engagem ent, there is still insufficient elaboration and clarity for Hungarian organizations on what CSR actually covers (Lakatos,

Answer my questions Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer my questions - Movie Review Example What are the effects of trade liberalization in Jamaica (e.g. discuss the effects of Jamaica’s free trade zones or the effects of the WTO on banana exports)? What was the effect of the IMF policies on domestic food production? In any country, the economy depends on the policies of its government. The public and private sector businesses are the main employment generation mechanisms in an economy. Market plays a key role in determining the unemployment rates of a country. If unemployment rates are low, spending power of the people increases and the market flourishes. However, if there is too much pressure on the government to generate employment in the public sector, the market becomes volatile and the risks of a sudden but complete stagnancy increase, as we have witnessed in the erstwhile USSR during the late 1980s. Liberalization is a process that would help an economy to overcome the risks of economic stagnancy mainly by the means of market reforms and privatization. However, the process of liberalization itself has come under scrutiny and criticism on several occasions. The episode of Life and Debt is based on such a critical perspective regarding liberalization in the backdrop of troubled Jamaican eco nomy. The process of liberalization in Jamaica practically began when the country signed a loan agreement with IMF in 1977. The process of acquiring debts began and more debts were taken to pay off the interests incurred in this course. Gradually, Jamaica had to liberalize its markets and industries under pressure from the lending agencies like IMF, IADB (Inter-American Development Bank), and the World Bank. The projected goals of increasing per capita income, literacy rate, employment, etc. in the country could not be achieved. The development that was promised by these loans did not take place as expected. But the economic pressure of a government almost running on debts began to affect the lives of the people negatively. In reality, the

Relationship Between Knowledge and Belief. What Role Does Experience Essay

Relationship Between Knowledge and Belief. What Role Does Experience and Reason Play in Ensuring our Beliefs Are True - Essay Example What is important to note here is the underlying significance on the shaping up of beliefs. If these beliefs are not given the room to expand within their entireties, there is little one can do in essence. Similarly, experience and reason have got a due role within the relevant scheme of knowledge and beliefs. Experience comes with an understanding that things can be learned with the passage of time. As far as knowledge is concerned, teacher can teach knowledge but he cannot force his own self to change beliefs and opinions which take a long time to change essentially. Knowledge leads to experience after a particular task is worked upon. If the knowledge is not employed in a due capacity, experience will not be deemed as fruitful. Therefore, one must understand the dictum of positive change that shall dawn upon the entirety of an individual who wants to attain knowledge. If the knowledge is acquired, then only experience is derived from the same settings. The role of the teacher is t herefore an important one but it is the guidance that shall lead a student towards deducing what is deemed as a better alternative for him, and what shall not reap any rich dividends for his personality in the coming times. In order to make sure that our beliefs turn out to be true, the role of knowledge and experience working hand in hand with one another is a significant one. This is because both these elements work alongside one another to form up our beliefs which remain quintessential for us no matter how tough the circumstances and situations turn out to be at the end. The gravity of our beliefs is directly related with how our knowledge and experience shape up. This is because the beliefs are affected by the knowledge and experience regimes which are in place and which shall be the basis of comprehension within the related realms (Bratman, Fischer & Perry, 2009). The theory of knowledge is such that it would lead to immense understanding as it paves the way for alternatives a nd options. It gives the people a sense of belongingness and understanding – a fact that has been discussed, analyzed and relearned altogether with the advent of time. The beliefs need to be covered up with experience and knowledge which remain important for an individual until the time he is alive and bringing in value for his own entirety. The manner in which inductive influence comes about is an important one. This is because there is a sense of leading into things when inductive influence comes into the relevant equations. The inductive influence within the dynamics of beliefs comes in from research which is knowledge and the practical demonstration of work that leads up to experience. The mix of the two is indeed the belief that a person acquires and would long to have within his folds. What is significant here is an understanding that things shall be done properly if there is a certain belief behind the very same dictum. This will mean long term success for all and sund ry, an aspect which has been given much emphasis in the recent times by the people who study personalities and their direct and indirect effects and consequences. Therefore philosophy asks of the individuals to manifest their truest selves through understanding, research and practical experience. All of these tenets are given a decent cover under

Emerging Technologies in Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Emerging Technologies in Accounting - Essay Example For the order to be recorded for the delivery date requested, the valid product ids and quantities will need to be entered after the event. If the delivery date requested also needs to be checked for feasibility, the database must have information on the 1) Stocks available for the products ordered; 2) List of all orders scheduled between now and the requested date for the products; 3) Balance capacity available for fulfilling this order. No obligations would be recorded in the Accounting books at this stage. However, the Company accepts the obligation to supply the products by the delivery date; and the customer accepts the obligation to receive and pay for the goods as per the order’s terms. Event b: When the system schedules the production of goods the information needed from the database are 1) Free stocks available for each product ordered; 2) Bill of materials required for the products ordered; 3) Stocks of raw materials available; 4) Production operations to be performed and the time required for each operation; 5) Machinery, Equipment, and Labor required for the operations and their availability Event c: For the system to schedule raw material orders from the vendors, the information needed in the database are 1) Raw material requirements for the goods, based on Bill of Materials; 2) Preferred vendors for the raw materials; 3) Vendor rates; 4) Lead time for supply of the raw materials. Event d: For the raw materials to be received and stored, the database should have information relating to 1) The order placed with the vendors, i.e., Vendor Id, Order No, Order date, Desires Delivery date, Raw material id, quantity, price, Delivery terms, and Payment terms; 2) Goods acceptance details based on inspection of the raw materials supplied.

Reflective testimonial Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective testimonial - Personal Statement Example There are a number of skills that I feel I learnt in this module. One of the skills I acquired is organization. A career in human resource management requires an individual to be logical, systematic, and tidy (Janet 68). Since this career involves a lot of documentation and filing, the ability to keep the office tidy will come in handy. Subsequently, organization also encompasses effective time management skills. This skill will help me in future to plan my activities in a systematic manner. The extensive coursework has also enabled me to acquire multitasking skills. Multitasking means being able to handle different thing or issues simultaneously (Janet 68). A human resource manager has a lot duties and s/he may also be under pressure to finish a number of projects or reports under a specific and constrained timeframe. Being able to multitask will therefore come in handy in such situations as I will be able to finish my tasks in time. It would be important to elucidate the fact that this module involved a lot of discussions or debates. In other words, I liked how the lecturers and the guest speakers involved students in the discussions. In fact, a lecture could not end without each and every student contributing to the issues under discussion. This helped me acquire effective communication skills. Being an effective communicator will help me in my future career socialize and engage other employees in my endeavors (Janet 68). A human resource manager acts as a supervisor and recruiter. Therefore, s/he is present during interviews. Conducting an interview effectively requires one to have effective communication skills. Through this module, I was able to learn how to manage conflicts in the workplace. In addition, one of the topics in this course covered ethical issues in the workplace. My skills in conflict management will help me as a human resource manager to resolve disagreements among employees, and also between the employees and the employer. Learning

Emerging Technologies in Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Emerging Technologies in Accounting - Essay Example For the order to be recorded for the delivery date requested, the valid product ids and quantities will need to be entered after the event. If the delivery date requested also needs to be checked for feasibility, the database must have information on the 1) Stocks available for the products ordered; 2) List of all orders scheduled between now and the requested date for the products; 3) Balance capacity available for fulfilling this order. No obligations would be recorded in the Accounting books at this stage. However, the Company accepts the obligation to supply the products by the delivery date; and the customer accepts the obligation to receive and pay for the goods as per the order’s terms. Event b: When the system schedules the production of goods the information needed from the database are 1) Free stocks available for each product ordered; 2) Bill of materials required for the products ordered; 3) Stocks of raw materials available; 4) Production operations to be performed and the time required for each operation; 5) Machinery, Equipment, and Labor required for the operations and their availability Event c: For the system to schedule raw material orders from the vendors, the information needed in the database are 1) Raw material requirements for the goods, based on Bill of Materials; 2) Preferred vendors for the raw materials; 3) Vendor rates; 4) Lead time for supply of the raw materials. Event d: For the raw materials to be received and stored, the database should have information relating to 1) The order placed with the vendors, i.e., Vendor Id, Order No, Order date, Desires Delivery date, Raw material id, quantity, price, Delivery terms, and Payment terms; 2) Goods acceptance details based on inspection of the raw materials supplied.

How the Norman Conquest Affected England and English Essay

How the Norman Conquest Affected England and English Literature--causes, impact, and result - Essay Example Immediately following the Norman Conquest, the religious orthodoxy of England faced a serious threat to their material possessions, as the new rulers ordered despoliation of church treasures, imposition of punitive gelds and taxes, introduced new mandates of knight service, and lay magnates seizure of the estates belonging to churches if they were strong enough to do so. In addition to such strictures, the autonomy and authority of monasteries were undermined, as bishops were bestowed with powers to annex a wealthy monastery. Further, â€Å"the establishment of an Episcopal see in an abbey threatened not only the wealth of the community, which had to be divided to provide for the bishop and his familia, but also the independence and the status of its head, and it is not surprising that communities so threatened resisted vigorously. Tension between religious houses and bishops is a dominant theme in post-Conquest ecclesiastical histories†. (Jane Dick Zatta, 2005, p.306) Older historical accounts of medieval England presented a rather simplistic picture. The authors of these accounts do not venture beyond stating the obvious political and cultural transformations of the period. But as the methods of research got more advanced alongside developments in such fields as archaeology and anthropology, revisionist histories and subaltern studies have given new perspectives into English past. As a consequence, such popular interpretations of medieval English history as recorded by the great nineteenth century historian William Stubbs are being revised and rewritten. In Stubbs’ works, for instance, the introduction of French feudalism to England is given a sympathetic treatment. But for contemporary historians, feudalism is a purely exploitative enterprise devoid of civil merits. Similarly, the Magna Carta and the Parliament of the thirteenth century England have now come to be seen

Book Review Why We Dont Listen Essay Example for Free

Book Review Why We Dont Listen Essay James C. Peterson, author of Why Dont We Listen Better? Communicating Connecting in Relationships, through trial and error learned the value of communication balancing in which he found that the counselor must listen awhile, talk until the other person stops hearing and then listen until the person calms enough to hear again. (Peterson, 2007 Pg. 5) This concept is enlarged into a process in which Peterson calls the flat-brain syndrome. The purpose of the writing of this book according to Peterson was to assist couples in gaining the communication skills needed to improve their relationship. In this book Peterson says to make personal connection with people communication skills need to involve the stomach, which puts our feelings into words, the heart which makes clear that we are putting our own feelings into words and the head which puts our thoughts into words. (Peterson, 2007 Pg. 16) Peterson says that he uses the flat-brain syndrome to understand the problem of failed communication. Peterson explains â€Å"communication is the lubrication designed to keep our functions of stomach, heart, and head working separately and together† (Peterson 2007, Pg. 6). The gifted Peterson also takes the concept of the flat brain syndrome a step further by relating to the reader what happens when our systems (stomach, heart and head) get out of whack. (Peterson 2007, Pg. 23) In this scenario Peterson uses these parts to show what happens to communication, for example stomach overloads, hearts might turn bricklike, brains can go flat, and hearing is altered. These things of course alter the way we hear and feel. These things then set us up to fall into the flat-brain syndrome. Peterson 2007 35-48) In part two Peterson explains the â€Å"talker-listener† process or what he refers to as TLC which exhibits his feelings about the whole counseling process. Part three explains the techniques Peterson uses in listening and the traps one can fall into in the process. The process used by Peterson in this book relates things that he has tested and that work for the counselor. In closing Peterson makes clear that to â€Å"put wheels on your technique,† the counselor must exhibit warmth, genuineness and empathy. Why Dont We Listen Better?  Communicating Connecting in Relationships is a book written from the human counselor perspective. Peterson uses examples of everyday objects to relate positive plans for the counselor to put into action to achieve really positive results. Where many writers fail at connecting with their readers, Peterson brings a high level of understanding and process explanation simply by being down to earth in his communication. The whole goal of the book seemed to be to make a progressive and positive change in the process the non-professional counselor could use to aid and assist his counselee. From reading the title of the book one might think that listening is the key to the whole process but Peterson adds to the process by incorporating the qualities that pastor counselors should strive to achieve. Those qualities are caring for the counselee, genuine concern for them and the desire to point them at the real counselor. Reflection In reflecting upon the teachings of Dr. Peterson in Why Dont We Listen Better? Communicating Connecting in Relationships, I am reminded of a conversation I had with my middle son and his wife just recently. In particular this book has taught me that I need to listen better and that my boys and their wives are not children anymore. I serve as a missionary to the Navajo in Thoreau, NM. The area is desolate, dry, high and poor. My wife and I had provided a house for our son and daughter-in-law on the property of the church but the time came when they decided they needed to be in a big town where they could both work and do the things young people do. For my wife and I it was a terrible time. We love our kids and we have always been very close. My son tried to explain to me that he needed to find a good job and there were none in Thoreau and that they wanted to be independent. As I look back I realize how bad I was at listening to people that I love. I said it will cost you more than here and I am not going to support you so you can live in Albuquerque. As I think back I realize that I should have listened much better. All the things I told him came true and they came to me for help over and over. Some would say â€Å"well then why do you think that the listening thing was so important? The answer is a beautiful one†¦just the other day I offered to help him work on his car and he said to me â€Å"That’s O. K. dad I have saved up the money to get a mechanic. † Small thing to others I would say but to me he was showing me that he really had grown up. Investigation I must say that I enjoyed reading Why Dont We Listen Better? Communicating Connecting in Relationships. The book helped me to look at several realities about my life as well as my feelings compared to my reactions. I learned that the best way to have a positive relationship is to communicate. For many years the most important thing I feel that I have learned is the art of communication. Peterson has written theories that are effective and have been proven over time. Peterson has given himself to the problem of effective communication, to assisting others and to repairing and building relationships. The book was so easy to understand that I felt like I knew a lot about what Peterson was saying but I learned lots of new things as well. The talker-listener card strategy and the flat-brain theory are things that I will use in the future. It has been hard for me to listen attentively when the communication involves my kids especially when emotions are high but according to the flat-brain theory this is an area that I can work to improve upon. Peterson gives an excellent explanation about how the talker-listener card can work for me and my sons when issues like the one described above come about. Peterson has developed his processes from experiences he has had as a pastoral counselor. Why Dont We Listen Better? Communicating Connecting in Relationships has taught me to be a better listener and how to speak only when the counselee is actively listening to me. This is really a great book for those that want to learn to communicate with others better and to connect with the other party. Application As mentioned before I found this book to be very useful not only in my relationships with my family but also in dealing with the Navajo people in general. One of the things peculiar to many of the Navajo people is that they have specific ways of saying things that to the novice might not mean a whole lot but the talker-listener card methodology will help me in reaching out for their inner feelings, thoughts and desires. After reading this book I find many things that I can do to improve myself. When combined with the 7 Spiritual Gifts with 4 (DISC) Personality Types I have discovered some important information that will help me in my ministry. For example the spiritual gifts and behavioral blends specific to me are that my Primary Spiritual Gifts are Encouraging/Exhorting (58/60), Mercy (58/60) and Serving/Ministry/Helps (57/60). My behavioral blends say that what is expected of me is S/D but I am really C/S. My primary spiritual gifts were found to be: Encouraging / Exhorting, Mercy and Serving / Ministry / Helps. I plan to take the profile to heart mainly because some of the people that know me best have said that the profile was me exactly and I agree. I plan to use the suggested scripture to help me work on my weaknesses and to improve on my strengths. I have made a promise to myself and will ask God to help me to listen to what others have to say. I will incorporate a check system to improve my listening technique. I will actively try to listen to the problems of those seeking my advice. I will also attempt to share my thoughts and feelings without labeling, accusing or judging.

The Body Shop

The Body Shop The Body Shop (TBS) has developed 2500 stores in 60 countries with a range of over 1,200 products in approximately 30 years, and is the second largest cosmetic franchise in the world. After the first TBSs outlet founded in 1976, the company has experienced rapid growth and with expanding rate of 50% annually. When its stock first obtained a full listing on the London Stock Exchange, its price increased by more than 500%. In 1999, TBS was even voted as the second most trusted brand in UK by the Consumers Association. The founder, Anita Roddick had received numerous awards including Dame Commander of the British Empire for her contributions. (Roddick, Anita Lucia Overview, Personal Life, Career Details, Chronology: Anita Lucia Roddick, Social and Economic Impact). TBSs success is hard to observe from the extrinsic value but the ethical value which make the success of TBS so legendary and inspiring. Anita Roddick, founder of TBS first entered the industry by using  £4,000 to open a small stand-alone shop of natural ingredient cosmetics and skincare products. Through her early travel experience, she had seen the potential of those natural ingredients being produced as cosmetic and skincare products commercially. Due to the budget constraint, Roddick used the urine sample containers purchased from local hospital as the containers of her products. The shops walls are painted with dark green to cover the damp. To save cost on advertisement, Roddick spread aroma in front of her shop to gain attention of the patrons. The strategy pursued was a huge success and another shop was able to be opened before the first year ended. In its second year, the company started to franchise the operation and by 1984 TBS already had 138 stores while 87 of them were located outside UK. The development of the company continued to soar when it went public in 1984. At the same time, Roddick started her efforts to encourage and contribute to social and environmental problems such as campaign of issues against animal testing in cosmetic and recycling. In 1987, TBSs Trade Not Aid program started. It was aimed to help sustaining third countries people livelihood. (Roddick, Anita Lucia Overview, Personal Life, Career Details, Chronology: Anita Lucia Roddick, Social and Economic Impact) Besides, TBSs charitable activities included aiding communities close to home and various donations. Roddick was strongly persistent with her own singular vision, that business could be a force for good, and that profits could be made without compromising principles which corresponding with TBSs mission statement, To dedicate our business to the pursuit of social and environmental change. In 1990, TBS Foundation was launched to give financial support to pioneering and frontline organizations that aim to achieve progress in the areas of human and civil rights, environmental and animal protection. (TBS values campaigns) The website of TBS was launched in 1995 to keep pace with IT revolution. In 2002, Roddick stepped down as the co-chairperson of TBS In ternational PLC but remained back as non-executive director. In 2006, TBS was purchased by Loreal which is not against animal testing. This move has raised a huge controversy around the supporters of TBS, however the company clarified that it is operated independently within the Loreal Group. Until now, TBS is still the icon of ethics business for many people. These are three well-known policies that TBS taken as their core values of products: Against animal testing TBS is approved by the internationally recognized Humane Cosmetic Standard which is against conducting or commission cruel tests on animal for cosmetic ingredients and products. In 1980, animal tests were popular among cosmetics brand. Later, these numbers dropped gradually and companies bowed to public opinion and in 1999 there were none in Britain. While TBS is among one of the leading forces to object these not humane experiments, they always emphasized that they have never and will never test their cosmetic products or commission others to do it. Support community trade Most multinational corporate are just searching for cheap labour force in undeveloped countries while TBS has pioneered a program called community trade, not only about charity trade, but to achieve economic development and empowerment which provides opportunities for disadvantaged producers, especially women and indigenous people. The value chain to the advantage of producers is reconfigured, often via reducing multiple mark-up inefficiencies and cutting out exploitative middleman. TBS realized that without development of the community, any development in the community will be ineffective. (Allen R. ) As a result, the company introduces fair trade by buying the ingredients and resources they demand in the production of their products from those people with higher than market price. One of the examples is the purchase of cocoa beans from Kuapa Kokoo Company in Ghana, which is a fair trade cooperative with over 30,000 small-scale farmers. Protect our planet The 3R concept which represents reuse, recycle, refill has been utilized well in TBS. The company encourages the consumers to return the containers of their products after use to their outlets. From early 2008 onwards, 100% recycled plastic bottles and paper bags were introduced. TBS organized campaigns to raise conscious of people about the responsibility being a citizen of earth to protect the environment. Discussions Innovation and entrepreneurship are linked by a common concern for the creation of new phenomena, whether new organizations operating in increasingly competitive markets, innovation is often a condition of simple survival. For public sector organizations, ceaseless cost pressures and increasing public demands are compelling constant innovation and even new kinds of entrepreneurship. Before the company is established, European have just started to talk about green and nobodies have linked this concept with business while Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is still a new term to the industry. As firms are always pursuit profit maximizing target, bringing ethical values in may create a dilemma between these two objectives. However, having the reputation as the most fearless and passionate female entrepreneur in the history of cosmetic world, Anita Roddick refused to separate her strong personal sense of social responsibility from the company values. TBS has taken so much risk to brin g new concepts into the production and the marketing strategy. This strong commitment has given the company strength to gather loyal consumers who share common values. Eventually, TBS has proven the validity of CSR by showing a tremendous success. TBS saves a huge amount of money by not advertising but to put more efforts in social activities than other mainstream cosmetic brands, which gives it a same effect of publicity. It is an alternative way to generate mass publicity for the company without throwing big money to capture rosy commercial advertisement. A very good example of this is TBSs first major campaign in 1986 which is alliance with Greenpeace in UK, Save the Whale. This campaign has helped to promote the new product line of TBS which is using jojoba oil as the ingredient to substitute the whale spermaceti. In the cosmetics market that time, the business models are already standardized. TBS has focused on the business level strategy to obtain and sustain differentiation and advantage on competitors in the same industries. Not like other cosmetic brands which highly advertised the artificially created beauty and expensive ingredients, the products it offered provided no miracle effects other than cleaning and protecting. The usual finely designed bottles were also replaced with simple containers which are made from recyclable materials. The company also set up its own store while most of the cosmetics brands were locating them inside the shopping centre. TBS has highly concentrated on developing a drastically different image which is more focused on the ethical value and natural quality in it. The company has succeeded in challenging the accepted value curve of luxury cosmetics and beauty products to create one based on more ethical values. The social activism approach that taken by TBS has created a whole new group of consumer which is ethical living oriented. This is a very smart step taken by TBS, not only building customer loyalty based on distinctive ethical values, the company itself also benefits from gaining a high reputation and fame for environment friendly and contribution to the public. This unique positioning of TBS also made itself more invulnerable from price cutting wars. The company has presented such a distinct motive compared to other profit oriented corporations. Consumers choose products of TBS based on the conscience that generate naturally by their own judgments. Conclusion TBS has shown an exceptional entrepreneurship and achieved high recognition by creating a different corporate culture in its industry. Entrepreneur defines a person who is willing and capable of converting a new idea into a successful new product or service, while taking risks all along the way to get there. (Entrepreneurial Thinking: The Story Of Anita Roddick From TBS, 2009) It is a truly risky move as the company has to overcome the high uncertainty to implement such novel thing to the world, which later also created a whole new market that never existed before. When the company is founded, there is still no precedent of bundling ethical values together with cosmetic and skincare business, TBS is the first company to emerge this idea and adapt it into reality. TBS has the advantage to develop the market for natural ingredients made cosmetic and skincare products. The key branding has been so successful as the term green business and ethical shopping has already became its brand id entity. On a range of surveys, ethically sensitive consumers are no longer a small, if vocal, pressure group: rather, a third of the public now see themselves as strongly ethical.The eccentric and ethical style of the company could generate fierce loyalty. (Gerry Johnson, 2008) As these concepts like fair trade and green business is now in the mainstream in many countries with increasing levels of public awareness and multinational company involvement, TBS is able to retain the enthusiasm and commitment from their workers and generating stable growth. References Allen, R. (n.d.). Beyond timber: social, economic and cultural dimensions of non-wood forest products in Asia and the Pacific TBS experience. Retrieved December 3, 2009, from FAO Corporate Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5336e/x5336e0h.htm Allen, S. (n.d.). Anita Roddick Redefining Business As We Know It. Retrieved December 3, 2009, from About.com.Entrepreneurs: http://entrepreneurs.about.com/od/famousentrepreneurs/p/anitaroddick.htm Andrew Crane, D. M. (Ed.). (2007). Corporate social responsibility Vol 3 : Corporate social responsibility in global context. London: Sage. Entrepreneurial Thinking: The Story Of Anita Roddick From TBS. (2009, February 20). Retrieved December 3, 2009, from Professional Online Publishing: New Media Trends, Communication Skills, Online Marketing Robin Goods MasterNewMedia: http://www.masternewmedia.org/entrepreneurial-thinking-the-story-of-anita-roddick-from-the-body-shop/ George R. Goethals, G. S. (2004). Encyclopedia of leadership Volume 4. Sage Publications. Gerry Johnson, K. S. (2008). Exploring corporate strategy : text cases. Financial Times Prentice Hall ; Pearson Education. Joe Tidd, J. B. (2005). Managing Innovation. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Maltoni, V. (2007, September 13). Innovation: Value-based Customer Service is not Lip Service. Retrieved December 3, 2009, from Fast Company: http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/fast-company-staff/fast-company-blog/innovation-value-based-customer-service-not-lip-service-0 Roddick, A. (n.d.). AnitaRoddick.com. Retrieved December 3, 2009, from About Anita Roddick: http://anitaroddick.com/aboutanita.php Roddick, Anita Lucia Overview, Personal Life, Career Details, Chronology: Anita Lucia Roddick, Social and Economic Impact. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2009, from Online Encyclopedia: http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/6347/Roddick-Anita-Lucia.html Roy, S. (2008, September). Business as usual: A case study on TBS. Retrieved December 3, 2009, from Journal of Applied Case Research: http://www.swcrahome.org/Cases/Body_Shop.pdf Staunig, J. (n.d.). Design Driven Innovation Collection: TBS. Retrieved December 3, 2009, from Design Driven Innovation: http://www.designdriveninnovation.com/ddicases/DDI-Collection_BODYSHOP.pdf Swann, G. P. (2009). The Economics of Innovation an introduction. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. TBS International plc Company History. (n.d.). Retrieved Dec 3, 2009, from Funding Universe: http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/The-Body-Shop-International-plc-Company-History.html TBS INTERNATIONAL PLC Values report 2009. (2009). Retrieved December 3, 2009, from TBS INTERNATIONAL PLC: http://www.thebodyshop.com/_en/_ww/values-campaigns/assets/pdf/Values_report_lowres_v2.pdf TBS values campaigns. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2009, from TBS : http://www.thebodyshop.com/_en/_ww/values-campaigns/index.aspx? Vidhya Alakeson, C. S. (2004, July). Innovation for Sustainable Development. Retrieved December 3, 2009, from Forum For The Future: www.forumforthefuture.org/files/Innovationforsd.pdf

The Omega Directive :: essays research papers

I was on my way into the ‘office’ and I saw the secretary; â€Å"Hey Cheryl.† â€Å"Hey Martin. Here, isn’t it the big day today?† she asked â€Å"Yep, she’s finally coming online.† I replied, with a bit of an excited tone in my voice â€Å"Christ! What is it with men always having to call things ‘she’?† Her voice had something of a viscous snap to it. â€Å"Hey, don’t blame me dear. I just work here don’t I?† She giggled. I like it when she giggles. It’s got a sweetness to it that, for some reason, most other women lacked. I smiled at her. â€Å"So†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..are you, going to let me in? Or shall I just stand all day looking at you, which I wouldn’t actually mind doing?† I heard a buzz and then a click at the door. â€Å"I’ll take that as a ‘yes’ then, shall I? Or are you just messing with my head?† â€Å"Go on, in, now! Or do I have to smack your rear end to get you in there?† She said. â€Å"Well, come on over here and try it baby!† I said to her with one great big cheesy grin on my face. â€Å"Oh you dirty man, you!† She said, sarcastically. We always were saying stuff like that in our own little way. It was†¦different. I’d never been like this with anyone else. It was always just us two. Then there would be a great booming voice from inside the ‘office’. â€Å"BRYSON!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! GET YOUR SCRAWNY ASS IN HERE, NOW!!!!!!!!!!† â€Å"Oh dear, General Solomon’s calling.† I said with some remorse. â€Å"Don’t you mean ‘great wind-bag of Alcatraz’?† She said. I laughed. That’s the nickname I’d given him when I had started at the Pentagon. He was supposedly an ex guard over on Alcatraz prison island†¦. supposedly. I crossed the threshold into a huge room. Dimly lit, only the centre table was illuminated. I could see the General’s face. â€Å"I told you not to be late. I watched you out there flirting with Cheryl, it’s not on. I’ve told you before to leave my daughter alone!† Everyone turned and looked at me. I couldn’t help but say:- â€Å"Who, me?† I got a warm laugh from everyone in the room. Except of course from Mr. Stern faced – lover’s father – who – hates – me. His emotionless face and piercing stare were enough to make anyone cower for fear of their lives. He always looked like he was going to attack you or something.

Jainism vs. Sikhism Worksheet Essay

1. Ahimsa- nonviolence belief means extremely gentle or harmless. This is the core belief in Jainism. It includes avoiding occupations that may harm other living animals including insects, using items made from animals such as leather and feathers. 1. Have allowed for the religion to develop military defense. Because on the early Gurus was murdered as a martyr the military or body guard sect was formed. These soldiers are known as the Khalsa. 2. Non-Lying- Jains must practice telling truths. This means avoiding exaggeration and falsehoods. Nonstealing- It is practicing the basic concept of not taking any possession that is not one. Items must be giving freely. This is caused by desire and wanting to inflict pain on others. 2. Sikhs are allowed to eat meat and do not have a diet system as strict as other Hindu religions. 3. Rejects the belief in a creator, instead believe that the universe was created by natural forces in motion 3. Sikhs believe that the universe was created by one God. This one God is the divine entity in their monotheism religion. 4. Chastity- For monks and nuns it is complete celibacy. For Jains outside the order it means to perform monogamy with one’s spouse. Sex outside this can lead to blind passion and an attachment to the physical world. 4. Sikhism is the combination of two religions forming. The Islamic and Hindu religions molded together as many ideas were shared. For example the belief in one God. 5. Nonattachment- Believe that human form bonds with family, possessions such as homes and money, land etc. Jains believe that these attachments can control a person. Practice to limit these possession in not possible to eliminate them. 5. Sikhs believe in reincarnation and karma. This is one of the few fundamental areas that Sikhs adopted from Hinduism. Part 2 Respond to the following questions in 150 to 200 words: 1. What do you think is the most important similarity and which is the most important difference? Use specifics to support your answer. The most important difference is that of the creation of the universe. Jains regret the idea that the universe was created by one creator. Rather they believe that the universe was created out of natural forces in motion. And that they forces are constantly changing. Sikhs on the other hand believe that the universe was created by one God. This one God is the divine entity in their monotheism religion. This helps to formulate the understanding in each religions core beliefs. â€Å"Regardless of their difference, both religions stress the importance of the individual’s struggle to purify the self, to act morally, and to do good to others,† Malloy (2013). The most  important similarity is that of karma and reincarnation. These basic principals have been adopted from Hinduism. It represents the main mantra that life on this plane must be lived in the path of righteous. By doing onto others and acting selfless these two religions are formed under one basic principal: to achieve the ultimate goal of life on the highest existence level. 2. Consider the following statement: Sallekhana (â€Å"holy death†) violates the Jain principle of ahimsa because it is an act of violence against oneself. Using examples from Ch. 5 of your text, what points might a follower of Jainism make to argue against this statement? Ahimsa is defined by â€Å"Merriam-Webster† (2015) as â€Å"the Hindu and Buddhist doctrine of refraining from harming any living being.† Ahimsa is actually much more than this, it entails a lifetime of practice and includes being as gentle and harmless as can be. It involves in restraining in any act of violence. The Jains uphold this belief with the highest regard and understand that it takes much more than harming other living being but also from harming oneself. The concept of Jains is to achieve freedom of spirit. â€Å"Jains do accept ending one’s own life, but we must understand the practice form the Jain point of view and within the context. Jains see all life as a preparation for the liberation of the spirit(jiva) from the body, and when a person is sufficiently evolved spiritually, that person can make the e final choice to no longer create more karma† Malloy(2013). The Jains believe in nonattachment to earthly possessions, and therefore one can find honor is ending one’s life. Sallekhana or holy death is â€Å"the most highly esteemed method, however, is self-starvation,† Malloy (2012.) There by withholding from food the Jains are becoming more selfless and freeing his or her spirit from the earthly plane and achieving a high level of karma. References: Merriam-Webster. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/religion Molloy, M. (2012). Experiencing the World’s Religions. Tradition, Challenge, and Change (6th ed.)Chapter 5. Retrieved from https://newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom

Paper on Summation

Sowmya SUMMATION A Detailed review of Summation SUMMATION Introduction The CT Summation Blaze LG product family helps you efficiently manage case information such as transcripts and documents with the benefits of full-text imaging, PDF support, electronic evidence support and comprehensive production tools. Summation to load and check DII File DII File: A DII file is a specially formatted ASCII text file that can be created within any text editor. The DII file uses a non-delimited, multiple line format. Each record ends with the image filenames themselves. The data from the file is loaded into Summation’s Core Database and establishes the link between the database summaries and the associated images and OCR documents. DII FILE COMPONENTS @T (Image Tag) Required for each DII record. Must be used before any @C tokens for each DII record. Each instance of a line beginning with the @T token causes Summation to create a new database record or overwrite an existing one. If the value that follows the @T line does not match an existing record number in the active table (usually either the STDTABLE or the ETABLE) then a new record with that number is created. If a record with that number already exists, Summation prompts the user to either replace that record’s existing image information or leave its image information intact. The field normally used to determine a record’s unique number is either the BEGDOC# field (for the STDTABLE) or the DOCID field (for the ETABLE). This field can be changed via OPTIONS>DEFAULTS>IMAGING>COLUMN TO HOLD IMAGE TAG but it is not recommended. If there is an input template on the database’s record number field, then the @T value must conform to the template format. Example: The case database has an input template restricting the BEGDOC# field to the format â€Å"AA000000† (i. e. alpha, alpha, numeric, numeric, numeric, numeric, numeric, numeric). A DII file with the following @T values is loaded: @T RT100556 @T 998113 The first line matches the template format and a new database record with a BEGDOC# value of â€Å"RT100556† would be created. The second line is incorrect, s o no database record for this line would be created and an error message would appear on-screen and also be written to the error log. D (Default Directory) Required for each DII record that has images or OCR to be loaded. The @D token designates the location where the image file(s) for a database record is stored. The data specified after the @D is loaded into the Default Directory (DEFDIR) field of the ImgInfo table. There are 3 different ways to denote the DEFDIR. 1. @I, which refers to the default IMAGES subfolder under the case directory. For example, for a mobile installation, if the case were SMITH V. JONES, â€Å"@I† would equal â€Å"C:PROGRAM FILESSUMMATIONCASEDATASMITH V. JONESIMAGES. † 2. The full path to the image file(s) location. A UNC, local, or mapped drive letter path is acceptable. For example: @D SERVER1IMAGESSMITH V. JONESVOLUME1DISK1 @D C:IMAGESSMITH V. JONESVOLUME1DISK1 @D Z:IMAGESSMITH V. JONESVOLUME1DISK1 3. @V, which refers to the specific volume label of removable media. NOTE: Users of Summation LG/iBlaze can use UNC paths after the @D to specify a folder containing images. @L (Long Name Entry) Summation 5. 21 Legacy Field. @L denotes the long name or description of the image file(s). The @L value is loaded into the LONGNAME field of the ImgInfo Table. This tag is obsolete and unnecessary on modern versions of Summation (1. 0 and higher) as they support long image file names. @C (Column to Link) 3 Optional token. @C is used to load data into specified fields in the user’s document database. This is a useful way to decrease the amount of data entry required for the database users. It is meant for use when the same value is repeated for a group of documents, such as documents that all have the same box number or author. It is not meant to replace regular data entry. For this reason, there is a limit of six (6) @C codes available for each DII record. The syntax for using the @C token is: @C For example, to fill in the ISSUES field of the database with the value â€Å"Mental Health,† the line would read: @C ISSUES Mental Health The @C line(s) should appear underneath the @T line for each database record. For consecutive DII records where these values are the same, you do not need to repeat the @C line. Instead, insert the next @C line in the next DII record where the data changes. To stop entering data in a field, insert a @C line with the field name following by nothing. @I (Image Location as in Case Customize) Used with the @D token. The @I value refers to the image location specified in Case Customize. The @I value is loaded into the DEFDIR field of the ImgInfo table. This location must be a drive letter (or UNC path for LG/iBlaze users) and path that points to the directory where the images are stored. Summation users can select any valid location or use Summation’s default location, the IMAGES subdirectory under the case directory. In either case, the image files must be copied to this location. @V (Volume Label of Removable Media and Any Subdirectories) Used with the @D code. The @V value refers to the volume label of the removable media holding image files. When using a volume label, the program will search a range of drive letters for the specific removable media volume. The range of drive letters to be searched can be specified in OPTIONS>DEFAULTS>IMAGING>DRIVES HOLDING IMAGES. The volume label can be obtained from any drive by using the DIR command at the command prompt or by looking at the drive properties in Windows Explorer/My Computer. When using the command prompt, the volume label will appear at the top of the directory display listing. Since most document images are now stored on either local or network hard drives Summation has provided an option to convert volume labels to directory names for existing database records with @V image paths. By selecting the option box labeled â€Å"Map Volume to Directory† under OPTIONS>DEFAULTS>IMAGING the volume name is converted to a directory name. A drive letter or letters matching the location wher e the images are stored must be added in the OPTIONS>DEFAULTS>IMAGING>DRIVES HOLDING IMAGES section. For example: DEFDIR in ImgInfo Table: @VCD_00001:01 Drives Holding Images: DE Program looks in: D: or E: drive for media with a volume label of â€Å"CD_00001. † If it finds matching media, it looks for a directory there named â€Å"001† for whichever image file or files were specified. @Fulltext (Lets the Database Know There is an OCR Document Attached to the Record or Records) Tells Summation that there are OCR documents attached to the record. The filenames must match the names of the images (not including the extension), and they must be located in the same place. Variations: @FULLTEXT DOC – One OCR text file exists for each database record. FULLTEXT PAGE – One fulltext file exists for each page of the document summary. @FULLTEXT [PAGE or DOC] is placed before the @T line. Similar to the @C token, this statement remains in effect until turned off by using the opposite designation. In other words, if you are using the â€Å"PAGE† method, turn it off by using @FULLTEXT in the record that does not contain a fulltext file. @O (Where OCR Documents Are if They Are Not in the Image Location) Used when the OCR documents are located someplace other than the image location as specified by the @D line of the DII file. It is placed immediately below the @D line. This token can ONLY be used in conjunction with the â€Å"@FULLTEXT DOC† tag. The full path to the OCR text document must be included. Example: 5 @FULLTEXT DOC @T AB100001 @D @I @O J:docsscanned 100001. TIF This tells Summation that the fulltext document for record AB100001 is not in the default Images directory (@I) but, instead can be found in J:docsscanned. The file name must still match the image file name. In this case the image file name is 100001. TIF, therefore the OCR text file name should be named 100001. TXT. ; (Comment Lines) Optional code for each DII record. You can make comments in the DII file for your reference. These lines do not affect the DII load. Example: ; After this Semi-colon I can make notes for my current record Image Files Required for each DII record. The last line(s) of each DII record is always the image filename(s). Backslashes in front of the filenames will direct Summation to look for the files at the root of the specified drive however, these can usually be omitted. Iterators Iterators are important optional coding methods. Iterators provide a way to use shorthand for image file names. This allows for less text per DII record, thereby producing a DII file that loads more quickly. If your image files use a number sequence, you can use iterators to indicate a range of numbers, rather than listing each image file separately. Ranges are only valid when the lower number and the higher number are the same number of digits. Files Listed Separately Example: IM00001. TIF IM00002. TIF IM00003. TIF IM00004. TIF IM00005. TIF Files Iterated Example: 6 IM000{1-5}. TIF If iterating records with attached full text (OCR) documents in PAGE format, be careful not to exceed powers of 10 in the iteration. Example: IM0000{01-09}. TIF IM0000{10-99}. TIF IM000{100-999}. TIF The example above will properly load all 999 images and their corresponding OCR full-text documents. This rule applies to the @FULLTEXT PAGE format only. Tokens Used in Summation’s DII File Token @APPLICATION Field Populated APPLICAT @ATTACH ATTCHIDS (Field selected for related attachment Doc IDs in Link Fields defaults) @ATTACHRANGE ATTRANGE Description The application used to view the electronic document. For example: @APPLICATION Word IDs of attached documents. Appending the value allows the DII to populate multiple values in the ATTCHIDS field. For example: @ATTACH EML0001; EML0002 The document number range of all attachments if more than one attachment exists. Each attachment, along with the e-mail message, will be loaded into Summation as its own record. The attachment 7 @ATTMSG @BATESBEG @BATESEND @BCC @C range would be populated with the document number of the first attachment and the last number of the last attachment. For example: @ATTACHRANGE WGH000008 – WGH0000010 N/A Relative or full path and file name of the e-mail attachment that is an email message itself. The file will be copied to the MSF folder. The Media field will be populated with the term eMail and the FOLDERID field is coded with the session name assigned during the load of DII. BATESRNG Beginning Bates number, used with @BATESEND. For example: @BATESBEG SGD00001 BATESRNG Ending Bates number, used with @BATESBEG. For example: @BATESEND SGD00055 BCC Anyone sent a blind copy on an e-mail message. For example: @BCC Nick Thomas Optional code used to load data into specified fields in the user’s document database. This helps decrease the amount of data entry required for the database users. It is meant for use when the same value is repeated for a group of documents, such as documents that all have the same box number or author. The syntax of using the @C token is: @C For example, to fill in the ISSUES field of the database with the value Mental Health, the line would read: 8 @C ISSUES Mental Health For consecutive DII records where these values are the same, you do not need to repeat the @C line. Instead, insert the next @C line in the next DII record where the data changes. To stop entering data in a field, insert an @C line with the field name following by nothing. @CC CC @D DEFDIR @DATECREATED DATECRTD @DATERCVD DATERCVD @DATESENT @DATESAVED DATESENT DATESVD Anyone copied on an email message. For example: @CC John Ace Required token for each DII record that has an image associated with it and designates the directory location of the image file(s). The data specified after the @D goes into the Default Directory (DEFDIR) field of the ImgInfo table. There are three dif ferent ways to denote the DEFDIR: 1. @I (to refer to the Case Customize Image Location) 2. The hard coded drive letter and path into the DEFDIR field 3. V (to refer to the specified volume label of the CD-ROM) For example: @D @V CD-101:Box_34 Note: Users of Summation iBlaze/LG can use UNC paths after the @D to specify a folder containing images. The date that the file was created, if applicable. For example: @DATECREATED 01/04/2003 Date that the file was received. For example: @DATERCVD 01/04/2003 Date that the file was sent. For example: @DATESENT 01/04/2003 When the file was saved, if applicable. For example: 10 @DOCID DOCID @EATTACH DOCLINK (Field selected for Linked Documents in Link Fields defaults. ) @EDOC DOCLINK DATESAVED 01/04/2003 Document ID of a full-text document, e-mail message, or electronic document. If the DII includes full-text files, then the DOCID value (instead of the @T value) is used to load and associate ocrBase documents with the appropriate summary. For exa mple: @DOCID EML00017 Relative or full path and file name of the attachment. The file will be copied to the eMail directory and the relative path of the file will be placed in the DOCLINK field. The MEDIA field will be populated with the term Attachment. For example: @EATTACHServerFiles Flood Damages. ls Relative or full path and file name of the electronic document. The file will be copied into the eFiles directory and the relative path of the file will be placed in the DOCLINK field. The MEDIA field will be populated with the term eDoc. For example: @EDOC D:eDocWordDoc. doc 11 @EDOCIDSEP DOCID @EMAIL-BODY BODY @FOLDERNAME FOLDER This token is intended for service bureaus that use their own tracking numbers (for example, TRACK001_Doc001. txt). This token allows Summation to remove the tracking ID (TRACK001) from the file so that it can be replaced with a Summation naming convention. The token uses a onecharacter string a value to indicate the demarcation in the file name. In the example above, the underscore character separates the tracking number from the file name, so the token should be followed by the underscore character. Use this character at the top of the DII file above the individual records. For example: @EDOCIDSEP _ Body of an e-mail message. Must be a string of text contained between @EMAIL-BODY and @EMAIL-END. The @EMAIL-END token must be on its own line. For example: @EMAIL-BODY @EMAIL-END The name of the folder that the e-mail message came from. For example: @FOLDERNAME Conner-Stevens – MailboxCStevensInbox 12 @FROM @FULLTEXT FROM From field in an e-mail message. For example: @FROM Kelly Morris Indicates that there are OCR documents attached to the record. The file names must match the names of the images (not including the extension), and they must be located in the same place. Variations: @FULLTEXT DOC – One full-text file exists for each database record. @FULLTEXT PAGE – One full-text file exists for each page of the document summary. These tokens should be placed before any @T tokens. Similar to the @C token, this statement remains in effect until turned off by using the opposite designation. In other words, if you are using the PAGE method, turn it off by using @FULLTEXT in the record that does not contain a full-text file. The @FULLTEXTDIR token is a partner to the @FULLTEXT token. This token provides more flexibility to both the service bureau and the client when loading a DII file that includes full-text files. The @FULLTEXTDIR token allows the service bureau to specify a directory from which the full-text files will be copied during the load. Therefore, the full-text files do not have to be located in the same directory as the images at the time of load. The @FULLTEXTDIR token gives users the flexibility to load the DII file and full-text without requiring them to copy the fulltext to the network first. An example of the syntax used with the @FULLTEXTDIR token is: @FULLTEXTDIR Vol001Box001ocrFiles The above example shows a relative path, which indicates to Summation that 13 @FULLTEXTDIR @HEADER HEADER @I DEFDIR @INTMSGID INTMSGID it should search for the full-text files in the same location as the DII file that is being loaded and follow any subdirectories in the @FULLTEXTDIR argument. The relative path works whether the DII file is on a network drive or on a CD as a sibling of the Vol001 folder. Just as @FULLTEXT PAGE and @FULLTEXT DOC apply to all subsequent records in the DII file until they are turned off (by adding the token after the last record that includes fulltext), the @FULLTEXTDIR argument applies to all subsequent records in the DII file until it is changed or turned off (by including the token with a blank argument). E-mail header content. The @HEADER-END token must be on its own line. For example: @HEADER @HEADER-END This token is used with the @D token. The @I token refers to the image location specified in Case Customize. This location must be a drive letter (or UNC path for iBlaze/LG users) and path that points to the directory where the images are stored. Summation users can select any valid location or use Summation’s default location, the IMAGES subdirectory under the Case Directory. In either case, the image files must be copied to this location. Internet message ID. For example: 14 @L LONGNAME @INTMSGID This token is optional code and denotes the long name or description of the image file(s). The data after @L goes into the LONGNAME field of the ImgInfo table. Note: This applies to Summation Blaze Version 5. 21 and earlier, and is used in the IMGINGO table. For example: @L Patient History Form @MEDIA MEDIA @MSGID MSGID Populates the Media field with the designated value (for example, eDoc, eMail or Attachment). If the value indicated in the token differs from the Summation default, or an entry exists in the field, then the most recent process wins and an entry is made in the error log. Because of this, use this token with care an only if you have a compelling reason. For example: @MEDIA eDoc E-mail message ID generated by Microsoft Outlook or Lotus Notes. For example: @MSGID 00000000E8324B3A0A80 0F4E954B8AB427196A13 04012000 15 @MULTILINE Any field specified @NOPAGECOUNT DOCID Allows carriage returns and multiple lines of text to populate the specified field. Text must be between @MULTILINE and @MULTILINE-END. The @MULTILINE-END token must be on its own line. For example: @MULTILINE NOTEFIELD Here is the first line. Here is the second line. Here is the last line. @MULTILINE-END For consecutive DII records where these values are the same, you do not need to repeat the @MULTILINE line. Instead, insert the next @MULTILINE line in the next DII record where the data changes. To stop entering data in a field, insert an @MULTILINE line with the field name following by nothing Turns off automatically using a number after a space in the Document ID as the number of pages. Allows Document IDs to contain spaces. Must be entered at the beginning of the DII file and applies to all records for the entire DII file. @NOPAGECOUNT @FULLTEXT page @TGHSPLT 3602 Q00555 @D @I Box011Dir01GHSPLT 3602 Q00555. tif 16 @OCR @OCR-END @O Some service bureaus and clients prefer a different approach to loading full-text than the traditional Summation method of requiring the full-text to be loaded from separate ASCII text files. Some clients prefer including the full-text in the DII file itself. The @OCR and @OCREND tokens give service bureaus the flexibility to include the full-text (including carriage returns) in the DII file. This method of loading full-text significantly improves the speed of the DII load, by eliminating the need for the system to search for and locate each text file and open it to copy the text into the ocrBase. The @OCR-END token must appear on a separate line. Note: When using the @OCR and @OCR-END tokens and including the full-text in the DII file, service bureaus cannot apply page breaks at specific locations in the full-text document. An example of the syntax used with the @OCR and @OCR-END tokens is: @OCR @OCR-END There are two uses for the @O token. This token is used when the full-text documents are located someplace other than the image location as specified by the @D line of the DII file. It tells Summation that there are full-text documents at this location. It is placed immediately below the @D line. There can be only one text file for the record, and it must have the name of the 1st TIFF image with a . TXT extension. The full or relative path to the full-text document must be included. For example: @O J:docsscanned 17 @PARENTID PARENTID (Field selected for Parent ID in Link Fields defaults. ) Parent document ID of an attachment. For example: @PARENTID WGH000003 @PSTCOMMENT @PSTCOMMENT-END Users may want to record information about a . PST file that is loaded into a Summation case. For example, a user may want to identify where a specific . PST file came from and what it relates to (for example, client e-mail messages related to flat space and received on April 26, 2004). The comments are associated with the . PST file designated by the @PSTFILE token that follows. The comments can be viewed from the e-mail and attachment records generated from the . PST file designated in the @PSTFILE token. The @PSTCOMMENT token is used in conjunction with @PSTFILE. It should be followed by the @PSTCOMMENT-END token and must appear before the @PSTFILE token it applies to. The @PSTCOMMENT-END token must appear on its own line. For example: @PSTCOMMENT @PSTCOMMENT-END @PSTFILE EMAIL001Pfranc. pst, Pfranc_04April_2004 Note: The comments will not be written to the Core Database record in Summation, but users can review the comments by right-clicking an e-mail record and selecting the Show PST Info option. 18 @PSTFILE The @PSTFILE token is used to process the . PST file by designating: 1) the location of the . PST file at the time of load, and 2) the unique ID of the . PST file. The path to the . PST file can either be hard-coded or relative to the location of the DII file at the time of load. The unique ID should be the same value assigned by the user to the . PST file when processing using Summation’s eDiscovery Console. If either necessary value is missing, the DII load will record an error and the . PST file that corresponds to the record with the missing information will not be processed. An example of the use of @PSTFILE: @PSTFILE EMAIL001PFranc. st, PFranc_04April_2004 Summation gathers this information but does not process the . PST file until the DII load is complete. The PSTID (the second value) is populated into the PSTID field as designated on the eMail tab in the Defaults dialog box (accessed from the Options menu) in Summation. The PSTID argument assigned by the @PSTFILE token is assigned to the record it appears in and will apply to all subsequent e-mail records. The argument is applied until either the @PSTFILE token is turned off by setting it to a blank argument (such as: @PSTFILE), or the argument changes. The @PSTFILE token can occur multiple times in a single DII file and assign a different argument each time. This allows the service bureau to process multiple . PST files and present the data for all . PST files in a single DII file. For example, a service bureau can process five . PST files and include five instances of @PSTFILE tokens with five different arguments, all in the same DII file. 19 @READ READ @RELATED OTHERIDS (Field selected for Related Document IDs in Link Fields defaults. ) STOREID Notes whether the e-mail message was read. For example: @READ Y The document IDs of related documents. @RELATED WGH000006 @STOREID @SUBJECT SUBJECT The . PST identifier. Should not be used if @PSTFILE is used. For example: @STOREID The subject of an e-mail message. For example: @SUBJECT Town Issues 20 @T IMGTAG This token is required for each DII record and designates the ImageTag. It must be the first item listed for each database record. This data specified after the @T goes into both the Image Tag (IMGTAG) field in the ImgInfo table and the Column to Hold ImageTag in the Document Database. The image tags must be unique values. For this reason, many users choose the document number as the image tag. The image tags establish the link between the document database table and the ImgInfo table. When a user is in a document database record that has a corresponding image file and they want to view the image, Summation looks at the value in the Column to Hold Image Tag field in the database and reads the image file location from the ImgInfo table record with the matching value in the Image Tag field. For example: @T CR00293 1 Note: If there is a template on the Column to Hold Image Tag field of the user’s document database, then the Image Tag must conform to the template format. For example, if the template 21 forces the field to contain a certain number of digits, any image tag values that are comprised of fewer digits must be appropriately zero filled. @TIMERCVD TIMERCVD @TIMESENT TIMESENT @TO @TRANS TO DEPOIDS (Field selected for Transcript Zoom in Link Fields defaults. Time that the e-mail message was received. For example: @TIMERCVD 11:00 a. m. Time that the e-mail message was sent. For example: @TIMESENT 10:59 a. m. To field in an e-mail message. For example: @TO Conner Stevens The transcript description. The value populates the Transcript Zoom field. For example: @TRANS conner stevens v1. txt 22 @V This token is used with the @D token and refers to the volume label of the image location. By using a volume label instead of a drive letter, the user does not have to use the same drive letter designation for their media as had been used by the service bureau. The @V token is used most often with the images that are being burnt onto CD ROMs. Substitute the volume label for the drive letter in the @D line, still including the path leading up to and including the directory in which the images are located. The Summation user must set up the Drives Holding Images in the case Imaging Defaults so that Summation knows on which drive(s) to look for the specified volume(s). The volume label can be obtained from any drive by using the DIR command at the command prompt or by looking at the drive properties in Microsoft Windows Explorer/My Computer. When using the command prompt, the volume label will appear at the top of the directory display listing. Use the Map Volume to Directory option in imaging defaults if your images are on CD-ROM, you have used the @V (volume label) code in your DII file, and the volume label of the CD(s) is also the first subdirectory. Enabling this option tells Summation to map the volume label indicated after the @V in the DEFDIR line of the ImgInfo table to the drive letter(s) set in your Drives Holding Images: @Vol:=>A:vol. Example: DEFDIR in ImgInfo Table: @VCD_00001: Drives Holding Images: D Maps to: D:CD_00001 This option is commonly used when the CDs are stored on a Meridian tower, or 3 when the volumes have been copied to a fixed drive from a CD ROM and t BENEFITS OF USING A DII FILE TO LOAD IMAGE SUMMARY INFORMATION The DII file is a formatted ASCII text file that is used to load large batches of images. The DII file is loaded in Summation from Imaging Defaults, using the Read DII utility. DII data is added to Summations Image Information (ImgInfo) Table and serves as the link between your docum ent database data and the images and/or ocrBase documents. The Image Tag is the unique identifier for each image and/or ocrBase document. When you load the DII file, Summation will alert you if any of the Image Tags (document IDs) already exist in the ImgInfo Table and give you the option to overwrite the existing record(s). When used correctly, a DII file can significantly reduce data entry time. 24 Batch Loading of Image Summary Information The major advantage of using a DII file is the ability to load summary information for thousands of images at a time. The summary information is encoded within the DII file and the summary records for each designated image are automatically updated as the file loads. In this way, thousands of summary records can be updated, giving users easy access to thousands of associated images. Reduced Coding Coding and typing can be reduced by using the @C (Column to Link) designator. @C is meant for use with documents that are categorized into groups and therefore contain repetitive data (not to replace data entry! ). It is meant for use by imaging service bureaus that are supplying you with a DII file before you begin coding, thereby creating new database records. Each record is limited to 6 @C lines. For example, suppose the service bureau is scanning and coding numerous medical records pertaining to various doctors. The records to be scanned are already sorted by doctor, and due to the nature of medical records, they are also sorted by patient. If you want to have fields filled in within the database as linked records are created, the doctor name and patient names need not be entered repeatedly. Summation assumes that the preceding doctor and patient names are to be used again in the current record if no new names are entered. Error Checking Summation will check to see if duplicates of the new records already exist within the Summation database. When a duplicate is encountered, the Summation user is prompted to either overwrite the existing record or ignore the new record. When the program encounters errors with a particular record during loading, they are documented in an error file. The error file is created in the directory of the case where the DII file is being loaded and has the same name as the DII file except with a â€Å". LOG† extension instead of â€Å". DII. † This error file lists the type of problem and its location (by line number) within the DII file. This log file is written in simple ASCII text format and can be opened with any text editor including Windows Notepad, Wordpad, and Microsoft Word. Example: A DII file named â€Å"DISK1LOAD. DII† is loaded into the â€Å"SMITH V. JONES† case. If errors are encountered during loading, they would be written to a file titled â€Å"DISK1LOAD. LOG† in the Summation program folder under the CASEDATASMITH V. JONES subfolder. 25 Simultaneous Data Entry and Scanning If users coordinate with either an outside vendor or an internal department to scan their documents, they can begin the work of summarizing the documents while they are being scanned. The customer and the scanning group must coordinate the document numbers and names to be used in advance. ) When scanning is complete, the vendor or scanning department can deliver the scanned image files and/or full-text documents to the customer on any removable media the customer’s system is compatible with. Can replace previous entries for tags There are times when organized coordination of document image tags between you and the imaging service bureau is not possible. In this case, it is easier for you to summarize the documents after receiving the files and matching DII file from the service bureau. When the DII file is loaded, it creates database records as it fills the ImgInfo Table. The only information in such a database record is the image tag. The DII data is loaded into the ImgInfo Table and the Image Tags are loaded in the Column to Hold Image Tag (The field in the document database containing the unique image tags for each image in the case. This is often the field that contains the beginning document number, although it may be a special field created for this purpose. The Column to Hold Image Tag cannot be a multientry field; it must be an integer, text or note type field. field of the database table. It is also possible to have additional fields filled in as the linked records are being created. These are linked through the use of the optional @C designator. STARTING WITH SUMMATION Starting A New Case To begin loading evidence into a case, you must start a new case that does not contain information. To start a new case: 1. From the Case menu, select New. 26 2. Assign a name to your case and click OK. 3. When prompted click Yes to assign a password to your case or No to create a case that is not password protected. BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATABASES Both the Core Database and the Notes Database should be backed up regularly to protect against loss of data in the event of database corruption. If you are operating on a network, you may still wish to create an independent backup of these two key components. After backing up the Notes and Core Databases, you should consider running additional utilities to keep the databases â€Å"tuned up†. To Backup the Core and Notes Databases: 27 1. Click once on the case name in the Case Explorer window so that it is selected. 2. Access the Backup utility by: ? Opening the CASE menu and electing Tools OR ? Right-clicking on Core Database in the Case Explorer and selecting Core Database Utilities Select Backup Database†¦ The backup window opens with both the Database and the Notes database options checked. Leave both options checked. Click on Backup. You will be advised when the databases have been successfully backed up. Click OK. LOADING IMAGES WIT H A DII FILE A DII (Document Image Information) file is a text file formatted to batch load summaries with images into a Summation database. Loading database summaries and image information using a DII file is more efficient. Preliminary Steps To help ensure the successful load of images using a DII file, the following steps should be taken prior to loading: ? Open the case into which you want to load the images. ? Back up your database. (From the Case menu, select Tools, Backup Database, and Backup. ) ? Verify the location that Summation has designated for images for this case (the @I value for this case). (From the Case menu, select Customize to open 28 the Case Directory Customization dialog box. ) Note the value in the Image Location field. The default value for this field is a single folder name (such as IMAGES). If the Image Location field contains a folder or folders without a drive letter, then this location is relative to the path in the Case Directory field. However, if the field contains a drive letter followed by a path, then this is the absolute value of Summation’s image path for this case. Most of the time, the Image Location is relative to the Case Directory path. To verify the complete path, simply connect the Image Location value to the end of the Case Directory path. You may want to copy and paste these values to a Notepad document to keep track of them. Example: ? Case Directory field – :PROGRAM FILESSUMMATIONBLAZECASEDATAMY NEW CASE ? Image Location field – IMAGES ? Complete image path – C:PROGRAM FILESSUMMATIONBLAZECASEDATAMY NEW CASEIMAGES The image path is the location that Summation has designated for the images for this case (the @I value for this case. ) ? Verify the images path in the DII file by opening a text editor and locating the image path after the @D token. Example: Sample DII-01 shows the following value: @D @I @D is the default directory of the image files. I is a value that works in conjunction with the @D token to load the image path into Summation’s database. Using the previous case image path example, the @D line would be converted by Summation as C:PROGRAM FILESSUMMATIONBLAZECASEDATAMY NEW CASEIMAGES @I is used to specify the image location. Alternatively, @V or a hardcoded path can be used to designate the Images directory. This tutorial assumes that the DII file is using @I, since that is the most common syntax. The image path can be extended by appending additional subdirectories after the @I value. Example: @D @I estdata1 29 Continuing with the previous example, this @D line would be converted by Summation as C:PROGRAM FILESSUMMATIONBLAZECASEDATAMY NEW CASEIMAGESTESTDATA1 @V Designations. Reading about @V is only necessary if your DII file uses the @V value to designate the image path. If your DII file uses the @I value, skip ahead Step 5. The @V value is a legacy format designation that allows Summation to locate and display image files stored on removable media (such as CD-ROM, DVD, etc. ) by volume name (the disc label). Vendors will typically supply two versions of a DII file: one that uses the @I value and one that uses @V. In almost all cases the preferred version to load is @I. Hard-Coded Path Designations. Reading this section is only necessary if your DII file uses a complete path including computer name or drive letter to designate the image path. If your DII file uses the @I value, skip ahead to Step 5. Summation will accept a complete path value following the @D token, but in order for Summation to display the document images, this path must be valid from the workstation accessing the case in question. Example: @D R:IMAGESDISC101 If a workstation accessing the case in which this DII file was loaded did not have an â€Å"R:† drive correctly mapped to the image file location attempting to view the image(s) would fail. ? Copy the images to the correct directory. ? Before copying IMAGES directory structure, merge all the OCR’s . txt files with the corresponding tiffs. To copy the images: 1. Open Windows Explorer (right-click Start and select Explore) and note the image path you verified in Step 3. NOTE: You can browse to this path quickly by copying and pasting the path from Step 3 into the Address field and pressing Enter. This is the directory that you will copy the images to. 2. Browse to the images that need to be loaded. These images might arrive to you on a CD, a DVD, or an external hard drive. In any case, browse to the images and prepare to copy them to the image location on your computer’s hard drive. 3. Copy the images from the CD, DVD, or external hard drive to the images location. 30 NOTE: It's important to copy the correct folder and subfolders. Verify this first by copying the first directory after the @I token in Step 4 above. Example: (A) @I value from the DII file: @I estdata1 (B) Folder to copy from the CD: D: estdata After verifying the correct folder containing images, copy it to the image path from Step 3 above. After the folders containing images have been copied to the correct image path directory, you are ready to load the DII file. This will populate Summation's database and will allow you to view and manage these images through the Summation interface. Loading the DII File 1. From the Options menu, select Defaults, and click the Imaging tab. 2. Verify the Column to Hold Image Tag. If you are currently using the standard form/table (STDTABLE), the Column to Hold Image Tag field should be set to BEGDOC#. If you are currently using the e-form/table (ETABLE), the Column to Hold Image tag field should be set to DOCID. NOTE: Documents are added or updated by a DII file based on the values in the field selected in the Column to Hold Image Tag. If a value listed after the @T token does not exist in this field for any record, a new record with this value is created. If the value does not exist, then this record's image information is updated. Click OK to save your settings. From the Options menu, select Defaults, and click the Imaging tab, and click Load DII File button. Browse to and select the DII file, and click Open. Click OK. The DII file is loaded into Summation's database and your images can now be viewed and managed through the Summation interface. 3. 4. 5. 6. CHECKING DII FIELDS 1. Right-click on core database in case explorer. 2. Select â€Å"set view to open† option, and check for Column view, Form view, Image viewer, ocrBase viewer and eDocs viewer. Select required view in â€Å"View in focus when opened† window and click ok. 3. Right click on core database and open. 31 . Dialog box appears as below opening in all the formats that are checked in the step 2. 5. Select column view by clicking on that label. 32 6. Before editing anything, change the database to edit mode from display mode. ( right-click on the column and check edit option). 7. Double click on the fields label. 8. You will find a small field list table containing a ll the available fields. 33 9. Double click on any field to bring it to view or to hide it from the view. This way we can add or remove required fields and can check whether all the fields have generated correctly in the loaded dii file. 10. Once all the required fields are selected, right click on any of the label and check display to come back to display mode. 11. Click on eDocs, Image, ocrBase or form in the lower toolbar to view in the respective format. ADDING FIELDS TO DATABASE 1. Fields are added through the Form Editor. To access the Form Editor, select â€Å"Options –> Utilities†, then select the â€Å"Create or Modify Forms † options. This will launch a separate window called the Form Editor. Now you will want to decide where you want your new field to reside. 34 Figure: Form editor 2. You may need to reorganize the form to fit the custom field. The Form may be resizable just like any window, by dragging the cursor near the corners to bring into view the resize cursor (the thin black line with arrows on either end). Click and drag to resize the form if necessary. 3. A light line around fields denotes a frame grouping of selected fields on the form. To resize the frame, click your cursor on the line until small black squares surround the frame, then click and drag them. 4. On the small floating toolbar, click on the button denoted with an ‘ab'. 5. Click on the form where you want to place the new field. A small dialog box will open, listing the currently available fields in the selected form. 6. Click on the â€Å"New† button to create a new field. 7. Assign a name and data type to the new field. 35 A field NAME must not contain any special characters or spaces, and must be less than 8 characters long, because Summation references the field name internally. The field label may be customized to the users preference. 8. Once you have assigned a name and label, you need to select a data type. It is important to put some thought into selecting a field data type, since you cannot change the data type on a field once it has been created. If you are unsure of which data type to assign to your field, click on the radio button next to each option to view a brief description in the bottom portion of the dialog box. 9. Click â€Å"Create New Column†. When prompted that the column was created successfully, click â€Å"OK†. 10. Click †Close† to return to the Field List dialog. If you should need to create multiple fields follow steps 7 through 9 until all fields have been created. 11. The new field should be one of the choices and will be selected by default. Click â€Å"OK† to select the new field and place it on the form. To adjust the field's position on the form, click and drag it to a different location. To adjust the field label and the field box individually, click anywhere on the form to unselect them. Then click back on the item you want to resize or reposition. 12. When you have successfully created, sized and positioned all custom fields, click on the â€Å"Save† icon in the toolbars. If your database contains data in it, you will be prompted to copy data to new table structure, click â€Å"OK†. 13. Close the Form Editor by selecting â€Å"Exit† from the â€Å"File† menu. 14. Click â€Å"Close† to close the Utilities dialog. To Load ocrBase Documents Using the Load Full-Text Documents Dialog: 36 Double-click on ocrBase in Case Explorer OR select ocrBase from the VIEW menu. Make sure ocrBase is in the active view. 1. From the FILE menu, select Load ocrBase Documents. 2. Select the Choose Files tab. 3. The default directory shown is the current case directory or the last directory selected using the Browse button. If the documents are located in another directory, click on Browse to navigate to that folder. 4. Select the files you want to load using any of the following techniques: ? Hold Ctrl and click on the document files one at a time ? Hold Shift, click on the first document file, then click on the last document file ? Click on the first document file, then hold the left mouse button down as you drag to the last document file you wish to load ? Select the Select All option to load all document files in the files window ? To cancel the selection of a file, click on the filename again 5. If you want Summation to verify the document numbers against any templates associated with the Column to Hold Image Tag field (BEGDOC# or other field, as needed), leave Check Templates selected. If you do not want the document numbers verified against any existing templates, clear the Check Templates selection. 6. Select one of the options in the Document ID (BEGDOC#) section: ? Ask Me (default): During the loading process, you will be prompted to enter a Document ID number for each document file being loaded. ? Use Filename: The document filename will be used during the loading process as the Document ID. 7. Click Load Documents. Summation loads the documents into the ocrBase. SEARCHING (Before doing any kind of search, make sure Core Database box is checked in case explorer) 37 . Check on the core Database in the case explorer. 2. Open the database in the column view. 3. Double click on â€Å"Searches† under the Core Database Views in case explorer. 38 4. Core Database Query dialog box appears. 5. Select the required field in â€Å"Search one of these Fields†. Click on â€Å"More fields Choices† to choose from more number of fields. Double click on the required field and see that Query appears on the query box below. 6. Same way give the required values in the section 2 & 3. 7. Execute the query. For example, Consider searching for docDates. Steps: 1. Click on docDate box under â€Å"Search one of these fields† (section1). 2. Scroll down on the drop down list, â€Å"in this manner† (section2) section and select the required field. 3. Enter the date in â€Å"For this value† (section3). 4. Full Query appears on the query box. 39 5. Click Ok to execute the query. 6. All the documents that match with the query will be listed. 7. To retrieve back all the documents, Go to Search-;Retrieve all summaries. QUICK SEARCH USING CASE EXPLORER When you use the Case Explorer to search the Core Database, the results appear in the Search Results format. The search results can be printed in the stacked format directly from the Search Results View. To Quick Search using the Case Explorer 1. Make the Case Explorer window the focus. 2. Click the check boxes next to the components you wish to search (e. g. Core Database, Transcripts, Transcript Notes, ocrBase). ? ? ? ? ? Core Database Transcript Notes eDocs & eMail ocrBase Notes ocrBase 40 ? Chronology of Events ? People ? Pleadings 4. Click in the Quick Search box. Depending on what combination of case elements you have selected, the Search dialog appears. Here you can change your search results Sort Order and/or specify running a Standard or HotFacts only search. 4. Type the search term or phrase in the white Quick Search box. You can use wildcards and compound operators (AND/OR connectors) in your search. ? Multi-character wildcard = an asterisk (*) ? Single-character wildcard = a question mark (? ) ? AND connector = & or AND (there must be spaces between the AND and the words) ? OR connector = (a backwards slash usually located above the Enter key on your keyboard) or OR (there must be spaces between the OR and the words) ? You can also use Intelli-Parse if you wish to conduct field-specific searches Click the Search button to run the search. The search results will appear in a new Search Results window. COMPOUND SEARCHES CONNECTORS IN THE DATABASE: 41 Connectors make it easy to search for document summaries where varying conditions are to be used, for example, to find document summaries where a name is in a summary field and where a certain type of document is involved. Connectors can also widen the search to include summaries of several sorts; such as, summaries concerning documents dated in the current year or any documents mentioning the defendant. As a general rule, using the connector AND narrow the search, while using the connector OR widens the search. Up to 10 connectors can be used in a search of the document summaries. Search Connectors Connector AND Definition A summary contains both values Summaries contain either of the values Example DOCDATE EQ 5/15/90 AND DOCTYPE OR DOCDATE EQ 6/15/90 OR DOCDATE EQ 7/12/90 AND NOT This excludes a NAME EQ â€Å"Smith, J. † AND NOT DOCTYPE EQ summary that Memo meets the connected value This requests NAME EQ â€Å"Smith, J. † OR NOT DOCTYPE EQ OR NOT 42 ocument summaries where the Name equals â€Å"Smith, J. † or the Doctype field does not equal Memo Memo You can create a more complex Quick Search by combining search clauses. To narrow the search, use the AND connector, designated by the ampersand (&). To broaden the search, connect your search clauses using the backslash () to represent the OR connector. You may use a total of ten clauses (i. e. , any combination of up to nine AND and/or OR connectors). Use parentheses to denote precedence or relationships between clauses within the search phrase. Sample ‘OR' Search: bill presley Sample ‘AND' Search: fire & terminate It makes no difference whether or not you put spaces between the words and the connectors. DRILL DOWN SEARCHING If you're reviewing a transcript on screen and come across a term of interest, you can search for other occurrences of that term without losing your focus by using Summation's Drill Down Searching function. Simply highlight the term of interest, right mouse click, and select â€Å"Search for ‘term'† from the menu that appears. Summation will take you to the next occurrence of the term. 43 How to Run a Drill Down Search 1. Open a transcript. 2. Right click on the text for which you want to search. 3. From the right click context menu that appears, select â€Å"Search for ‘text'. † Summation goes to the next occurrence of the term in the open transcript USING WILDCARDS IN SEARCHES Searches in Summation are done on a whole-word basis: a search for agree will find just that, not words including â€Å"agree† like â€Å"agreement. † Sometimes you need to search for more than just whole words. To accomplish this Summation Blaze supports wildcards in searches. The asterisk (*) designates a wildcard, which can represent any portion of a word. Using wildcards widens the field of possible hits generated by the search. Wildcards are used to find all words that have your search phrase embedded within them. If you run a Quick Search for TERM*, the search is expanded to encompass any word with â€Å"term† as the base, for example, â€Å"term,† â€Å"terminate,† â€Å"termination,† etc. Your placement of the asterisk (either preceding or following the word, or embedded within letters) determines the hits that result. You can use wildcards in any type of search within Summation. 44 Type This agree [no wildcard needed] agree* *gree *agree* To Find AGREE Words beginning with AGREE-, such as agreement or agreeable Words ending with -GREE, such as disagree, pedigree Words with -AGREE- as the root, such as disagreement Words beginning with A- and ending with -EEP, such as asleep a*eep USING SEARCH CONNECTORS The Summation system provides you with means to perform both simple and complex searches. You can search all fields in the document database (using the Quick Search Box) or select specific fields to search (using the Full Boolean Search dialog). This Tutorial walks you through setting up and performing both simple and complex searches. When you enter a search term or phrase in the Quick Search box, Summation conducts an Anytext search and searches for the specified text in all fields in all summaries in the database. If you want to refine your search to multiple terms and/or phrases, then you can use â€Å"connectors†. You can further refine your search to specific fields in the database, by performing a Full Boolean search (as opposed to a search from Quick Search box). The available connectors in Summation are AND, OR, AND NOT, and OR NOT. You can connect up to ten search clauses in one Boolean search using nine connectors. The Full Boolean search provides a list of operators specific to each field, which you can use (in conjunction with connectors) to further refine your search to terms in designated database fields. Search Connectors Using An Anytext Search 1. Launch Summation. 45 2. Open the Core Database, by double-clicking on its corresponding item in the Case Explorer tree. 3. Put the focus on the Form or Column View, by clicking on the respective view. 4. Type a search term in the Quick Search Box (the field above the Core Database view with the phrase Enter Search Phrase populated in it). 5. Link words or phrases with a connector to search on multiple terms or phrases. (For example, Smith AND taxes OR court. ) Note: A space must lead and follow each connector. The connectors should always be in capital letters. 6. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you complete entering all desired search terms/phrases and connectors. Note: If you search string includes more than 5 terms, you may find it more efficient to use the Full Boolean search setup dialog. 7. Click the Search button on the Toolbar, to the left of the Quick Search Box, to process the search. Searching Using The Full Boolean Dialog Box 1. Launch Summation. . Open the Core Database, by double-clicking on its corresponding item in the Case Explorer tree. 3. Put the focus on the Form or Column View, by clicking on the respective view. 4. Click the Boolean button in the Toolbar. 5. In Section 1 of the Full Boolean dialog, choose the Anytext icon (or other default icon) or choose â€Å"More Field Choices† to select fields from the active table. 6. In Section 2 of the Full Boolean dialog, use the default connector (e. g. contains) or select a connector from the drop-down list. 7. In Section 3 of the Full Boolean dialog, type the search term or phrase you want to search on. 6 8. Click the Connector button to add another search string (field, connector and term/phrase). 9. Repeat Steps 2 through 5 until all search strings have been entered. 10. Click the Display Results button to process the search. Using HotFacts with ocrBase just as u can identify a transcript note, a core database record or an ocrbase note as a hot fact, you can also use the hotfact â€Å"flag† to identify key ocrbase documents in your case. to mark an ocrbase document as a hotfact: ? Click on the ? Click on the so that it becomes again to unmark the document. SEARCHING HOTFACTS You can search only database records flagged as HotFacts when you check the Document Database folder at the Case Folder – Main Window. The Search Document DB dialog appears, consisting of 2 sections: Sort Order and Search Type. The first 2 Sort Order field options are Date (DOCDATE) and Issue (ISSUES). The third sort order field option is taken from the first field set in your Sort Order tab, found under the Query tab in the document database. If there is no sort order set there, the third option will read â€Å"Unsorted Doc DB†. The Search Type section determines what set of document database summaries you want to search. To search all HotFacts, select Only HotFacts and then Everyone’s. To search only your own HotFacts, select Only HotFacts and then My HotFacts. 47 Searching Document Database Records Flagged as HotFacts 1. From the Case Folder – Main Window, check the Document Database folder. 2. The Search Document DB dialog appears. 3. In the Sort Order section, select the field by which you want to sort your search results. You can choose Date, Issue, or the first field you have selected in your Document Database Sort Order. 4. In the Search Type section, select the record set in which you want to search: only HotFacts (all HotFacts), or My HotFacts. . Type the phrase for which you want to search into the Quick Search Box on the toolbar. 6. Click on the search binoculars to display the Search Results. SEARCHING CASE OUTLINES â€Å"You can search the case outline. For example, in the figure below, you see a search for ‘damage,' showing the first hit found in the Case Outline: th e word ‘damages. ‘ Because the search algorithm here provides for a simple string search, it will find any phrase containing the same characters (e. g. a search for ‘damage' will find ‘damaged' ‘damages' and ‘damaged'. Subsequent hits can be found by clicking again on the OK button. Summation indicates the line with the hit by outlining it in black. † 48 FILTERED FUZZY SEARCHING The Fuzzy Search is a variation on the Quick Search that allows you to search for a specific word and words spelled similarly to it. This tool can be used in a variety of circumstances, for example when working with documents that have been processed by optical character recognition software, since certain characters are often mistaken for similarly-shaped ones during that process. You can also use the fuzzy search to look for words that may have been misspelled, or for words with British spellings (such as â€Å"flavour† and â€Å"flavor†). The Fuzzy Search finds near-matches to your search requirements. It is available for searching your transcripts and/or full text (ocrBase) documents. When used to search transcripts and/or full text documents from the Case Folder – Main Window, the words found are displayed in a list of approximate matches. Filtered fuzzy searching lets you search transcripts and/or ocrBase documents for nearmatches of a single word, without having to wade through numerous false 49 positives. This allows you to select only the words in which you are interested and run another search by clicking on the Search button. A standard search for these words is then launched, displaying the hits in the regular Search Results Window, from which you can print them, write them to file, mark them as HotFacts, or drag them into the Case Organizer. The List of Approximate Matches for a Filtered Fuzzy Search 1. From the Case Folder – Main Window, check the ocrBase and/or transcript folders you wish to search. 2. Enter the term for which you want to search into the Quick Search Box. 3. Click the Fuzzy Search button on the toolbar. 50 4. A list of approximate matches appears, with the original word(s) preselected. To narrow your search, enter a higher percentage similar and click on Refind. To broaden your search, enter a lower % similar, and click on Refind. (You can select percentages between 65% and 99%. ) 5. When you're satisfied with your list of matches, select the ones for which you wish to search by clicking on them; choose all words by clicking on Select ALL words. (You can deselect words by clicking on them. ) 6. Click the Search button. Your hits are displayed in the Search Results Window. SORTING By default, contents of fields are sorted in standard A to Z, 0 to 9 sequence. You can designate descending sort (Turn this option on from the Sort Order tab of the Query page of the Document Database folder. This option forces the contents of the field to be sorted in reverse order, Z to A and 9 to 0. Ascending sort order is the default when a field is included in the sort order) using the Sort Order tab of the Document Database folder. You can also have your note hits sorted in reverse-chronological order. 1. Open the database in column view. 2. Right-Click on the column label, Click sort by â€Å"label† option. 51 To change the default order: ? Double-click on icon on the toolbar. ? Check the box in the â€Å"Sort by† table. Give OK. 52 Conclusion This concludes the detailed discussion with reference to the application of Summation to facilitate the QC process. While there are more uses and applications of Summation in EDD these have been omitted to focus the reference of the context under discussion. If you have any queries / suggestion please feel free to contact me at [email  protected] net. In case you need specific detailed references please feel free to use the links below: References: http://www. summation. com/Support/tutorials. aspx http://info. summation. com/products/pdfs/ http://support. summation. com/knowbase/technotes 53